plant structures and their functions Flashcards

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1
Q

what type of reaction is photosynthesis?

A

endothermic, it is taking in light energy from the environment and transferred to the chloroplasts

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2
Q

what is the word equation for photosynthesis?

A

carbon dioxide + water –> glucose + oxygen

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3
Q

what is the chemical symbol for glucose?

A

C(6)H(12)O(6)

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4
Q

how does temperature affect the rate of photosynthesis?

A

an increase in temperature increases the rate of photosynthesis until the enzyme denatures then the rate decreases

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5
Q

how does light intensity affect the rate of photosynthesis?

A

the higher the light intensity, the faster the rate if reaction

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6
Q

how does carbon dioxide concentration affect the rate of reaction?

A

as the concentration of carbon dioxide increases, the rate of reaction increases

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7
Q

rate of photosynthesis practical

A
  • us ruler to place the flask 15cm from the lamp
  • leave the flask with pondweed in for 10 mins
  • connect the flask to a gas syringe and record the volume of gas produced after 5 mins
  • move the lamp 10cm away and repeat the process
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8
Q

what is transpiration?

A

the process that water is lost by from the leaves of plants through the small openings calling stomata

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9
Q

what are guard cells?

A

specialised cells that control the opening and closing of the stomata, they respond to light, temperature and humidity

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10
Q

what is translocation?

A

the movement of substances up or down the phloem

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11
Q

what are the 4 adaptations of a leaf?

A
  • stomata: regulate gas exchange in plants
  • chlorophyll: it is green so it is really food for absorbing light
  • thin: co2 only has short distance to travel to enter the leaf
  • large surface area: leaf can absorb more light at once so more photosynthesis
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12
Q

what are 3 plant adaptations?

A
  • small leaf shape: reduces amount of water lost through transpiration
  • waxy cuticle: prevents evaporation of water
  • stomata: pores on the surface of the leaf and can be closed to prevent evaporation of water and opened when co2 is needed for respiration
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13
Q

what happens in positive phototropism?

A
  • the plant is exposed to light on one side
  • the auxins (growth hormone) moves to the shaded side of the shoot
  • auxin stimulates growth there
  • this means the shoot bends towards the light
  • the plant receives more light so more photosynthesis
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14
Q

what happens in negative gravitropism?

A
  • the auxins move to the lower side if the shoot is horizontal
  • the cells grow more on the side with lots of auxins so it stimulates growth here
  • this makes the shoot bend and grow away from the ground
  • this is good because light is most likely away from the ground
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15
Q

what are 3 uses for auxins?

A
  • weed killers: too much will cause cells to grow rapidly and die
  • rooting powders: cloning plants with desirable features
  • promote growth in tissue culture: cloning a plant using tissue culture
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16
Q

what are gibberellins?

A

they allow fruits to grow heavier and larger

17
Q

what are ethenes?

A

they are used for fruit ripening