Plant Structure and Function Flashcards
The high lignin concentration in ________ cells make these cells very strong, and tissues of these cells appropriate for making rope.
Sclerenchymal
_________ increase the surface area of the root.
Root hairs
A modified stem that grows horizontally underground is a __________.
Rhizome
_________ tissue continue to grow throughout the life of a plant.
Meristem
The ________ reduces the rate of water loss from the surface of a leaf.
Cuticle
Photosynthates are directed to ______ during vegetative growth.
Leaves
_______ has a greater impact on taller plants.
Gravity potential
_________ often have thicker waxy cuticles to reduce transpiration.
Epiphytes
Plants use the phytochrome system to ________.
Grow away from shade and towards light
The response to gravity is controlled by __________.
amyloplasts
Many secondary metabolites produced as defense responses in plants are made to _______.
discourage predators
____________ tissue in particular is strengthened in a thigmomorphogenetic response.
Xylem
_______ replaces the epidermis of stems with bark.
Cork cambium
Farmers can trigger uniform ripening times in fruit by treating plants with ________.
ehtylene
Autumn wood has _______ than spring wood.
a thicker cell wall
The Dutchmen’s pipe is a ______ plan that decomposes dead matter.
saprophyte.
Mycorrhizae involve a root host and a symbiotic __________.
fungi
A potassium ion pump supports _______.
stomata regulation of water balance
The __________ is usually found between the base of a leaf and the stem and may give rise to a flower.
axillary bud
The _______ forces water and solutes into endodermal cells.
Casparian strip
The ________ is ground tissue towards the interior of the vascular tissues.
pith
The ___ store the pigment that give flower petals their bright colors.
chromoplasts
When a leaf opens its stomata, the turgor potential of the leaf will ________.
decrease
Translocation occurs via the ________ of plants.
phloem
The main driver of water movement through xylem is ______.
transpiration
The _______ connect the mesophyll cells that produce photosynthates to the phloem for transpiration to the closest sink.
plasmodesmata
A venus flytrap closing upon an insect is an example of a _______ response.
thigmonastic
Phototropism is a response to _______ wavelengths of light.
blue
_______ ensures that roots grow into soil and shoots grow toward sunlight.
gravitropism
Many secondary metabolites produced as defense responses in plants are made to ______.
discourage predators
Primary growth is due to cell division of the ______.
apical meristem
The most important source of biological nitrogen fixation is the symbiotic relationship between ______.
soil bacteria and legume plants
Define the term epiphyte.
A plant with specialized roots that absorb moisture from the atmosphere.
A potassium ion pump supports ______.
stomata regulation of water balance
______ are fully photosynthetic but obtain water and minerals from a host.
hemiparasites
After carbon, _________ is the most abundant elements in plant cells.
nitrogen
The cuticle _______.
reduces the rate of water loss from the surface of a leaf.
Meristem tissue ________.
continue to grow throughout the life of a plant
_________ is the movement of a plant is response to constant directional pressure.
thigmotropism
The inactive form of phytochrome is triggered by ______ light.
far-red
The Casparian strip ________.
forces water and solutes into endodermal cells
Which secondary metabolites produced in plants are alkaloids?
Jasmonates
The main driver of ________ is transpiration.
water movement through the xylem
Cytokinins promote __________ in plants.
cell division
_________ occurs via the phloem of plants.
translocation
New __________ is produced by procambium.
xylem
The response to ________ is controlled by amyloplasts.
gravity
After __________, nitrogen is the most abundant element in plant cells.
carbon
When the cells of the apical meristem divide, _____ occurs.
primary growth
Sclerenchymal cells have __________.
very thick and strong walls, making them ideal to create rope.
Define the term saprophyte.
a plant that decomposes dead matter
Gravity potential has a greater impact on ________ plants.
taller
A rhizome is a modified stem that ______.
grows horizontally underground
More than 80 percent of terrestrial plant roots contain _______.
endomycorrhizae
