Plant structure and function

Question 1

what is xylem

Answer 1

dead cells that carry water and dissolved minerals from roots to stems

Question 2

what is phloem

Answer 2

living cells that carry sugar throughout the plant

Question 3

what are the functions of roots

Answer 3

to anchor a plant, to absorb minerals, protect soil from erosion, carry water to plant though xylem

Question 4

four functions of leaves

Answer 4

trap light energy for photosynthesis, exchange gases, transportation, provide food, water, shade, habitat ex.

Question 5

deciduous leaves function and structure

Answer 5

deciduous leaves are wide to capture light and flat for gas exchange

Question 6

needles function and structure

Answer 6

waxy to save water, can photosynthesize all year, can survive in ice and snow

Question 7

cuticle function

Answer 7

waxy to protect leaf and reduce water lost

Question 8

epidermis function

Answer 8

give strength to leaf, are transparent so light can enter,

Question 9

palisade cells function

Answer 9

chloroplasts and chlorophyll, main site for photosynthesis,

Question 10

stomata and guard cells function

Answer 10

stomata for gas exchange (small holes), water vapour may also fall out,

Question 11

what routine do stomata have?

Answer 11

open when sun is out to receive more CO2 and daylight, closed at night to preserve water

Question 12

spongy mesophyll function

Answer 12

loosy packed cells, that have lots of air for gases to diffuse, water escapes through stomata here

Question 13

transpiration

Answer 13

water vapour leaves plant

Question 14

vascular bundles in veins

Answer 14

xylem and phloem are found in the veins

Question 15

gibberellins function

Answer 15

promote embryo growth, stem growth and vasular tissues

Question 16

cytokinins function

Answer 16

promote cell division, cell differentiation, delay aging

Question 17

ethylene function

Answer 17

causes fruits to ripen,

Question 18

abscisic acid (ABA) function

Answer 18

growth inhibitor, it blocks the growth hormones and inhibits the growth of germination, buds and stems

Question 19

auxins function

Answer 19

promote cell elongation, growing to the darker side of a plant

Question 20

adaptions: tropism

Answer 20

response to stimuli in the environment

Question 21

adaptions: phototropism

Answer 21

growth response to light

Question 22

adaptions: geotropism

Answer 22

growth response to gravity

Question 23

adaptions: thigmotropism

Answer 23

growth response to touch

Question 24

seed coat/testa

Answer 24

protects seed

Question 25

endosperm, epiotol, hypocotyl

Answer 25

tissues that provide nutrition for embryo, above cotyledon (creates shoots and leaves), below cotyledon (creates roots)

Question 26

cotyledon function

Answer 26

help supply the nutrition a plant embryo needs to germinate and become established as a photosynthetic organism

Question 27

some seed adaptions for deed dispersal

Answer 27

fruit, animal helpers, flight, floating in water ex.

Question 28

origin on plants & example

Answer 28

charophytes, green algee

Question 29

early vascular plants & example

Answer 29

bryophytes, mosses

Question 30

first seed plants & example

Answer 30

seedless vascular plants, ferns

Question 31

diversification of flowering plants & example

Answer 31

gymnosperms, pines

angiosperms, lilies

Question 32

Parenchyma

Answer 32

photosynthesis, gas exchange, unspecialized cells, thin cell wall, found in every soft part of a plant

Question 33

Collenchyma

Answer 33

providing mechanical support, resist bending and moving of wind, specialized living cells, unequally thin cell wall, found in leaves and young stems

Question 34

Sclerenchyma

Answer 34

mechanical support, protection and transportation of water, nutrients, specialized dead cells at maturity, the cell wall has a waterproof lining, found in mature parts of a plant