Plant Structure

Question 1

Cell Wall

Answer 1

The outer layer surrounding the cell membrane, providing structural support and protection, helps maintain the cell’s shape.

Question 2

Cell Membrane

Answer 2

A semi-permeable membrane located just inside the cell wall that controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell.
It regulates the exchange of nutrients, ions, and waste materials.

Question 3

Cyptoplasm

Answer 3

A gel-like substance inside the cell membrane that contains water, salts, and organic molecules.
Function: It provides a medium for cellular processes to occur and houses the organelles.

Question 4

Nucleus

Answer 4

The control center of the cell that contains DNA (genetic material).
Function: It regulates cell growth, metabolism, and reproduction.
The nucleolus inside the nucleus is responsible for producing ribosomes.

Question 5

Choloroplasts

Answer 5

Unique to Plant Cells: These organelles contain chlorophyll, a green pigment crucial for photosynthesis, the process by which plants convert sunlight into chemical energy (glucose).
Function: They capture sunlight and convert it into energy through photosynthesis.

Question 6

Vacuole

Answer 6

A large, central vacuole is typical in plant cells. It is filled with a watery fluid called cell sap, which contains nutrients, enzymes, and waste products.
Function: It helps maintain cell turgor pressure, stores nutrients, and degrades waste products.

Question 7

Mitochondria

Answer 7

Known as the “powerhouses” of the cell, mitochondria are responsible for cellular respiration, where they convert glucose and oxygen into energy (ATP).
Function: Provide energy for various cellular activities.

Question 8

What are the different types of seed dispersals

Answer 8

Wind dispersal, Animal dispersal, Explosion dispersal, Fur dispersal, Water dispersal

Question 9

What does wind dispersal do?

Answer 9

The wind blows the seed away and blows it far away from the parent plant.

Question 10

What does animal dispersal do?

Answer 10

Animals take the seed from the anther and plant it at a different plant which is still the same species and plant it into the stigma.

They can also eat the seeds and then poop it out and the seed will grow from there.

Question 11

What is the stigma

Answer 11

The stigma is the part of a flower that captures pollen during fertilization. It’s sticky to help pollen grains attach and begin the process of plant reproduction.

Question 12

Stamen

Answer 12

The stamen is the male part of a flower that produces pollen. It consists of the anther, where pollen is made, and the filament, which holds up the anther.

Question 13

Pistil

Answer 13

The female part of the flower receives pollen and develops seeds.

Question 14

List and briefly describe four main characteristics that all living organisms share.

Answer 14

Excretion: Removal of waste products from metabolism.
Nutrition: Process of taking in and using nutrients for energy, growth, and repair.
Respiration: The process of breaking down glucose to release energy.
Sensitivity: Ability to detect and respond to changes in the environment.

Question 15

Arrange the levels of biological classification from the most general to the most specific.

Answer 15

The correct order is Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species.

Question 16

Describe the difference between asexual and sexual reproduction, and give an example of each.

Answer 16

Asexual reproduction involves one parent and produces offspring identical to the parent, such as in hydra through budding.
Sexual reproduction requires two parents, and the offspring have genetic variation, such as in peacocks.

Question 17

What is the function of the palisade mesophyll in a leaf?

Answer 17

The palisade mesophyll contains chloroplasts and is the main site for photosynthesis in the leaf, allowing the plant to produce energy.

Question 18

Explain how photosynthesis and respiration are complementary processes.

Answer 18

Photosynthesis in plants converts carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen using sunlight. Respiration then uses oxygen to break down glucose into energy, producing carbon dioxide and water as byproducts, which plants can use again in photosynthesis.

Question 19

Identify the main reproductive parts of a flower and their functions.

Answer 19

Stamen (male part): Produces pollen.
Pistil (female part): Contains the ovary where seeds are formed after fertilization.
Petal: Attracts pollinators.
Sepal: Protects the flower bud.

Question 20

Name three organelles found in both plant and animal cells, and describe their functions.

Answer 20

Nucleus: Controls cell activities and contains genetic material.
Mitochondria: Produces energy through respiration.
Cell membrane: Regulates the entry and exit of substances in the cell.

Question 21

Xylem

Answer 21

Transports water and stores nutrients

Question 22

Anther

Answer 22

The anther is part of the stamen (male part of the flower) that produces and releases pollen for fertilization.

Question 23

How does wind pollination work?

Answer 23

In wind pollination, pollen is released into the air by one plant and carried by the wind to another. If the pollen lands on a compatible flower’s stigma, it can fertilize and lead to seed production.

Question 24

What is pollination

Answer 24

Pollination transfers pollen from the male part of a flower (anther) to the female part (stigma) to enable fertilization and produce seeds.

Question 25

What does the style do

Answer 25

The style is the tube-like part of the pistil that connects the stigma to the ovary, allowing pollen to travel down to the ovary for fertilization.

Question 26

Define Ovary

Answer 26

The ovary is the part of the flower’s pistil that contains ovules. After fertilization, it develops into fruit with seeds.

Question 27

Define Ovules

Answer 27

Female reproductive cell

Question 28

What does a plant cell have that animal cells don’t

Answer 28

Cell wall and chloroplast

Question 29

What does spongy mesophyll do

Answer 29

The spongy mesophyll diffuses the carbon dioxide throughout the leaf.

Question 30

Define Stomata

Answer 30

Stomata are tiny openings in a leaf that allow gases, like carbon dioxide and oxygen, to enter and exit, and control water loss through transpiration.

Question 31

Define Lower epidermis

Answer 31

The lower epidermis in a leaf protects inner tissues and contains stomata, which regulate gas exchange and water loss.

Question 32

Define Upper epidermis

Answer 32

The upper epidermis in a leaf protects inner tissues and allows light to pass through for photosynthesis.

Question 33

What the wax cubicles function in a leaf

Answer 33

The waxy cuticle on a leaf reduces water loss by preventing evaporation and provides a protective layer against pests and environmental factors.

Question 34

Phloem

Answer 34

It transports carbon dioxide from the leaves to the basal parts of the plant.