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Biology Unit 4 > Plant Reproduction > Flashcards

Plant Reproduction Flashcards

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1
Q

Define angiosperm

A

A plant with flowers

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2
Q

Define hermaphrodites

A

Plants with both female and male reproductive parts

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3
Q

Name the stamen parts of a plant

A

Anther and filament

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4
Q

Name the carpel parts of a plant

A

Stigma, style, ovary, ovule, nectary (?)

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5
Q

State the function of the anther

A

Contains structures called pollen sacs. Site of pollen production

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6
Q

State the function of the filament

A

Holds the anther up. Contains xylem and phloem

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7
Q

State the function of the stigma

A

Receives pollen: sticky and flat

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8
Q

State the function of the style

A

Holds stigma up to receive pollen

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9
Q

State the function of the ovary (plant)

A

Swelling at the base of carpel. Contains ovules

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10
Q

State the function of the ovules

A

Site of embryo sac and egg development

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11
Q

State the function of the nectary

A

Contains nector to attract insects. Insect pollinated plants only

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12
Q

State the function of the corolla

A

Ring of petals. Insect pollinated plants only

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13
Q

State the function of the sepal

A

Green, leaf-like structure that encloses the flower in a bud. Insect pollinated plants only

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14
Q

State the function of the calyx

A

Collection/ring of sepals. Insect pollinated plants only

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15
Q

State the function of the petals

A

Colourful and large to attract insects. Insect pollinated plants only

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16
Q

State the function of the receptacle

A

Where flower parts arise

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17
Q

State the function of the peduncle

A

Plant stalk

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18
Q

State the function of the bract

A

Sepal equivalent for wind pollinated plants only

19
Q

Define pollination

A

The transfer of pollen from an anther to a mature stigma of a plant of the same species

20
Q

Define self-pollination

A

The transfer of pollen from the anthers of a flower to the mature stigma of the same flower or another flower on the same plant

21
Q

Define cross-pollination

A

The transfer of pollen from the anther of one flower to the mature stigma of another flower on another plant of the same species

22
Q

Name the parts of the anther

A

Epidermis, fibrous layer, pollen sac, tapetum, pollen mother cells (2n), lateral groove, stomium, filament contain xylem and phloem

23
Q

Define dehiscence

A

Drying out and splliting open

24
Q

Describe the function of pollen sacs

A

Site of gametogenesis

25
Q

Describe the function of the tapetum

A

Provides nutrients and regulatory molecules for pollen grains and secretes cell wall around pollen grain (allowing pollen grains to resist desiccation)

26
Q

Define the stomium

A

Forms when the walls of the anther are pulled apart at the lateral groove. Allows pollen to be released

27
Q

Define a tissue plan

A

See individual layers not individual cells

28
Q

Describe the function of the nucellus

A

Provide nutrients for developing gametes

29
Q

List the parts of the ovule

A

Funicle, integuments, embryo sac, micropyle, nucellus

30
Q

Describe the function of the embryo sac

A

Site of gametogenesis and fertilisation

31
Q

Describe the function of the micropyle

A

Gap in integuments for the entry of the pollen tube into the embryo sac

32
Q

Describe the function of the funicle

A

Attaches the ovule to the ovary wall

33
Q

Define double fertilisation

A

Involves two male gametes in two separate fertilisation event:
1) fertilisation of female gamete to form a diploid zygote
2) fertilisation of the polar nuclei to form a triploid endosperm nucleus

34
Q

What does the ovule become after fertilisation?

A

Seed

35
Q

What do the integuments become after fertilisation

A

Testa (seed coat)

36
Q

What does the micropyle become after fertilisation

A

Pore in testa

37
Q

What does the ovary wall become after fertilisation

A

Fruit wall

38
Q

What do the contents of the ovary become after fertilisation

A

The fruit

39
Q

What does the attachment point of funcile to ovule become after fertilisation

A

Hilum

40
Q

Describe a cotyledon

A

Simpler than the first true leaves and swollen with food to act as a storage tissue in peas and broad beans (nonendospermic plants)

41
Q

What does a plumule consist of?

A

Stem, first true pair of foliage leaves, a terminal bud

42
Q

What are the ways of transporting seeds?

A

Wind, transport through animals, rolling, bursting, water, carrying by animals

43
Q

What are the three main requirements for successful germination

A

1) suitable temperature for enzymes
2) water - split testa, hydrolysis, transport a.a. and glucose
3) oxygen for aerobic respiration (metabolism and growth)

Biology Unit 4 (6 decks)

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