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ZOTC 60 > Animal feeds and their characteristics to Liquid Supplements > Flashcards

Animal feeds and their characteristics to Liquid Supplements Flashcards

1
Q

PLANT PROTEIN FEEDS by-products (3)

A

Soybean and its by-products.
Coconut and its by-products.
Corn by-products

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2
Q
  • a temperate crop but some varieties grow well under
    tropical conditions
  • contains ___% oil and ____% CP
  • energy is high when used as feed
A

Soybean (Glycine max)
18
32

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3
Q

excellent animal feed due to high protein content (44%)

A

soybean oil meal (soya meal)

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4
Q

countries where soybean originated (4)

A

US, China, India and Argentina

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5
Q
  • removal of the ______form soya meal increases protein content to 48% (hi-protein soya meal)
A

hull

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6
Q
  • abundant in the tropics
  • in the Phils., it is an impt export crop in the form of dried meat called _____
  • full fat ______has ___% oil, ___% protein content
  • its high fiber content and low protein quality limits its use in higher amounts for nonruminants
  • improper drying results to accumulation of mycotoxins produced by molds
A

Coconut (Cocos nucifera)
copra
60
6-8

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7
Q

is the residue when oil is extracted
from the copra, has 18-21% CP and 8% fat

A

copra meal (cake)

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8
Q

a by – product containing variable but higher fat than copra meal due to incomplete extraction
- protein is 12%

A

sapal

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9
Q

comes from manufacture of desiccated coconut

A

coconut paring meal

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10
Q
  • a raw material in starch manufacturing
  • their low lysine content prevents incorporation of corn gluten feed and meal in nonruminant diets in higher amounts.
A

Corn by-products

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11
Q

a corn by-product that contains 22% CP

A

corn gluten feed

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12
Q

a corn by-product that contains 40% CP results of further separation of fibrous materials (cobs, coat and bran)

A

corn gluten meal

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13
Q

Animal protein feed meals
Commercially prepared (2)

A

FISH MEAL
SHRIMP MEAL

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14
Q

Slaughtering – by – products (3)

A

MEAT MEAL
MEAT and BONE MEAL
HYDROLYZED FEATHER MEAL

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15
Q

Dairy by – products (2)

A

SKIMMILK POWDER
WHEY

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16
Q

ANIMAL PROTEIN FEEDS (3)

A

Commercially prepared seafood meals.
Slaughtering – by – products
Dairy by – products

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17
Q

– most common animal preotein source
- most are imported from Peru, Panama, China, etc.
- _______%CP with fairly high Ca and P contents
- produced from herring, menhaden, anchovy, etc.
- local _______ has high salt and lower protein (55%) contents

A

fishmeal
60 -65

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18
Q
  • lower protein content than fishmeal
  • about 10-15% of its protein is ______
  • an excellent source of _____
A

SHRIMP MEAL
chitin
choline

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19
Q
  • 80% protein
  • its biological value is low, so it must be used sparingly in non ruminant diets
  • excellent protein source for ruminants
A

HYDROLYZED FEATHER MEAL

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20
Q
  • excellent amino acid source and is used mainly in swine creep feeding (booster) and pre- starter diets.
  • in older animals, its supplementation is limited by high price and cases of lactose intolerance
A

SKIMMILK POWDER

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21
Q
  • resulting liquid by – product in manufacturing of cheese
  • consist mainly of milk sugars (lactose : ____%), minerals, high in energy, Ca and P
A

WHEY
70

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22
Q

5 Types of Whey

A

sweet whey powder
acid whey powder
whey protein concentrate
reduced – lactose whey
whey permeate

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23
Q

a type of whey that came from Cheddar and Swiss cheeses

A

sweet whey powder

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24
Q

a type of whey that came from cottage and ricotta cheeses

A

acid whey powder

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25
Q
  • produced from removing
    some non – protein components of whey
  • lactose is reduce to ____% or even less
  • protein is increased to —–% depending on the degree of extraction of non-proteinous substances
A

whey protein concentrate
50
34-80

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26
Q

a type of whey which lactose is 50-60%

A

reduced – lactose whey

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27
Q

type of whey which has the highest lactose (80%) with reduced protein of 4%

A

whey permeate

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28
Q

In polishing rice grain, the bran (______ and _____) layer is removed together with some of the germs

A

BULKY FEEDS
pericarp
aleurone

29
Q

Bulky feed types (3)

A

RICE BRAN
CORN AND CORN BRAN
WHEAT AND WHEAT BRAN OR POLLARD

30
Q

classes of rice brans (3)

A

D1 class
D2 class
RICE OIL

31
Q

– is from cone type rice mill
- in the milling process, the ____ is removed, followed by the bran – separating bran from the hull
- has lower fiber and higher crude protein form D2

A

D1 class
hull

32
Q

– is produced using a smaller capacity rice mill
- has higher fiber compared to D1 due to the inclusion of the hull

A

D2 class

33
Q
  • the product after rice bran was defatted
  • higher in protein (16%) but lower in energy value due to extraction of oil
A

RICE OIL

34
Q
  • type of bulky feed with higher protein compared to rice bran (16%)
A

WHEAT AND WHEAT BRAN OR POLLARD

35
Q

4 types of liquid supplements

A

Molasses (liquid concentrate)
Coconut oil
Pork fat or lard
Tallow or beef fat (grease)

36
Q
  • has no fiber content but mainly highly digestible CHO for animal feeding
  • ___% protein with ____% moisture content thus equivalent energy content as fed is low
  • adds to the palatability of the diet and checks dustiness of the feed mixture
A

Molasses (liquid concentrate)
3
25

37
Q
  • boosts energy level of mixed feeds
  • crude is cheaper than refined coco oil
A

Coconut oil

38
Q

type of liquid supplement where its consistency varies according to the type of the diet

A

Pork fat or lard

39
Q

a type of liquid supplement more solid than lard due to high proportion of saturated fat, notably _____

A

Tallow or beef fat (grease)
stearin

40
Q

are basically classified as concentrates or
roughages

A

Feeds

41
Q
  • are those that are relatively high in
    digestible nutrients and low in fiber (<18%)
  • also include the mineral sources as well as
    synthetic vitamin preparations, and additives
A

Concentrate feeds

42
Q

are those that are low in digestible nutrients and high in fiber

A

Roughages

43
Q

THE CONCENTRATE FEEDS
- are used primarily to provide high amounts of utilizable energy
- cereal grains as well as tubers or root crops are the main _______ used locally

A

Energy feeds

44
Q

THE CONCENTRATE FEEDS (8)

A
  1. Energy feeds
  2. Bulky feeds
  3. Plant protein feeds
  4. Animal protein feeds
  5. Liquid supplements
  6. Synthetic vitamins and amino acids
  7. Minerals
  8. Additives
45
Q

THE CONCENTRATE FEEDS
- have medium amounts of energy since thay
have higher fiber content than the energy feeds
- some of them also supply high amounts of CHON in contrast to high energy feeds
- includes bran and pollard

A

Bulky feeds

46
Q
  • contain high concentrations of protein (legume seeds and oil extraction residues)
  • some leaf CHON concentrates are used for
    inclusion in nonruminant diet
A

Plant protein feeds

47
Q
  • come from animal tissues
  • include fish meals, shrimp meals as well as those by –products resulting from processing of animal products (meat meal, meat and bone meal), skim milk powder
A

Animal protein feeds

48
Q
  • are added to the diet in liquid form (molasses, oils and fats)
A

Liquid supplements

49
Q
  • are added to adjust the vitamin and amino acid levels of the formula when the natural ingredients could not meet the specifications
A

Synthetic vitamins and amino acids

50
Q
  • these substances provide minerals that are
    lacking in the main ingredients.
  • use to prepare mineral premixes
A

Minerals

51
Q
  • this group do not supply specific nutrients, but their inclusion in diets in diet may improve animal performance
  • includes growth promotants, antimolds,
    antibiotics, antioxidants, pro and prebiotics etc.
A

Additives

52
Q

Energy
_______– no particular
importance in describing energy
value of feed
* Digestible, metabolizable and net –
are most impt.

A

Gross energy

53
Q

energy after deducting
the heat increment (produced by
animal in fed states due to chemical
reactions involve in processing the feed.
- required to maintain various body
processes

A

Net energy

54
Q

net e. in excess of the required needed to maintain processes – translates to live wt gains, meat, milk, eggs, fetus and work.

A

Productive energy

55
Q

THE ENERGY FEEDS (6)

A

Cereal grains
Corn (Zea mays)
Rice (Oryza sativa)
Sorghum (Sorghum vulgare)
Cassava (Manihot esculenta)
Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas)

56
Q

Other major root crops found in tropical countries;
- small volume available in the market
- supply inconsistency
- toxic factors
- processing problems

A

YAM (Dioscorea spp)
TARO (Colocasia, Alocasia and Xanthosoma spp)

57
Q

most impt sources of energy feeds for
human and animal consumption : _______
species
- their seeds contain mostly starch with 8-12%
protein
- grain is good source of polyunsaturated oils (olein and linoleic) mostly found in germ

A

Cereal grains
Graminea

58
Q

Saturated – (w/ or no db?)
Unsaturated – (w/ or no db)
Essential – ______, linolenic, _______

A

no db
w/ db
linoleic
arachidonic

59
Q
  • No double bonds
  • Saturated with hydrogenatom (LMPS)
  • what does lmps mean
A

Saturated FA
lauric, myristic, palmitic, stearic

60
Q
  • With double bond
A

Mono unsaturated FA

61
Q
  • More than 1 bond
  • ALA, EPA, DHA – omega 3
  • Linolenic (LA), arachidonic (AA) –
    omega 6
A

Polyunsaturated FA

62
Q

when vegetable oil is hardened or solidified
through a process of treatment with hydrogen at high pressure and
temperature

A

Artificial Trans FAT

63
Q
  • most popular feed ingredient due to its palatability and is highly relished both by monogastrics and ruminants
  • ME content is 3400 kcal/kg for poultry and 3300 kcal/kg for swine
  • crude protein content is only 8-10%
  • its CHON content, _____, has low lysine content
  • yellow corn is high in carotene
  • white corn may also be fed to animals
A

Corn (Zea mays)
zein

64
Q
  • broken rice, middlings, old stocks, and those that were damage by improper handling may be fed to animals
  • protein content is similar to corn, 8-9%
A

Rice (Oryza sativa)

65
Q

______ is the term for whole grain ground for
animal feeding (hulls), with lower protein and energy
content compared to polished rice.

A

rough rice

66
Q
  • used as alternative to corn
  • some of its varieties contain significant amounts of tannins affecting the nutritive value of the grain
A

Sorghum (Sorghum vulgare)

67
Q
  • common root crop being cultivated in the tropics
  • easily deteriorates after harvest due to high moisture and big sized roots that needs to be chopped for more efficient drying
  • major problem – high cyanide content
A

Cassava (Manihot esculenta)

68
Q
  • another important root crop
  • it also deteriorates easily, thus, immediate attention to drying is needed.
A

Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas)

ZOTC 60 (2 decks)

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