Feed Evaluation - NFE Flashcards
- Should represent the total bulk of feeds
- Must ensure the credibility of the values obtained in the analysis
Sampling Feeds For Analysis
Sampling feeds for analysis considerations (5)
- Sampling size and scheme
- Sampling equipment
- Sampling preparation and retention
- Sampling purpose
- Type of material to sample
A tool that collects representative samples form big containers e.g. whole grains
Slotted grain probe
use to obtain samples from sacks
Tapered bag trier/Buriki
obtain samples from the floor
Pelican sampler
– used for liquid ingredients
e.g. oil and molasses
Bomb sampler
METHODS OF FEED EVALUATION (4)
- Physical methods
- Proximate analysis
- Mineral analysis
- Quick Test Kits
METHODS OF FEED EVALUATION
* Uses naked eye, ______ (2)
* Observe for insect pests, molds, stones and other extraneous substances
* Adulterants may also be seen under the microscope
Physical methods
stereomicroscope
METHODS OF FEED EVALUATION
detailed procedure may be sourced from American Organization of Analytical Chemists (AOAC)
Proximate Analysis
- Obtained by drying a known weight
of the sample at 105*C - %DM = wt after drying/wt before
drying x 100 - %moisture = 100 - %DM
Moisture
Other methods of moisture determination: (4)
- Toluene distillation method
- Vacuum oven drying
- Freeze drying
- Low heat oven drying
Other methods of moisture determination:
high moisture fresh grasses and silages
Toluene distillation method
Other methods of moisture determination:
to avoid excessive losses in the volatile substances needed for subsequent analyses
Low heat oven drying
- Determined using Kjeldahl apparatus
- Digestion using ______
- Adding ______to separate the nitrogen liberating it as ammonia
- Distillation to remove ammonia through boric acid-containing receiver
- %CP = %Nitrogen x 6.25
- Most protein in feeds contains 15-18%N (100/16 =
6.25)
Protein
sulfuric acid
sodium hydroxide
- Extracted using Soxhlet apparatus
- Fats and non fat substances are dissolved in
________ (4hrs)
Fat/Lipid Component
petroleum ether
Nutritionally significant only if feeds contain
true fats, fatty acids of fat soluble vits and
their precursors
TRUE OR FALSE: fat extraction
true
- Simulates process of digestion
- Weak acid (sulfuric acid), weak alkali (sodium
hydroxide) to dissolve organic substances except _____ - ______is recovered and ashed
- Loss in weight after ashing is the ____ (_______are dissolved in the process)
fiber
CF
hemicellulose
- Obtained by subjecting the sample to 550-600*C to solubilize the organic substances
- The value is used to calculate total organic matter content
- Preparatory step in quantitatively analyzing minerals
- ________and _______are lost during this step
Ash
Selenium
iodine
- Includes the soluble component of carobhydrates
- Value is obtained by subtracting from 100 the percentages of moisture, protein, fat, carbo and ash.
- Error may accumulate
Nitrogen-free extract (NFE)
