Animal feeds and their characteristics to Liquid Supplements Flashcards
1
Q
PLANT PROTEIN FEEDS by-products (3)
A
Soybean and its by-products.
Coconut and its by-products.
Corn by-products
2
Q
- a temperate crop but some varieties grow well under
tropical conditions - contains ___% oil and ____% CP
- energy is high when used as feed
A
Soybean (Glycine max)
18
32
3
Q
excellent animal feed due to high protein content (44%)
A
soybean oil meal (soya meal)
4
Q
countries where soybean originated (4)
A
US, China, India and Argentina
5
Q
- removal of the ______form soya meal increases protein content to 48% (hi-protein soya meal)
A
hull
6
Q
- abundant in the tropics
- in the Phils., it is an impt export crop in the form of dried meat called _____
- full fat ______has ___% oil, ___% protein content
- its high fiber content and low protein quality limits its use in higher amounts for nonruminants
- improper drying results to accumulation of mycotoxins produced by molds
A
Coconut (Cocos nucifera)
copra
60
6-8
7
Q
is the residue when oil is extracted
from the copra, has 18-21% CP and 8% fat
A
copra meal (cake)
8
Q
a by – product containing variable but higher fat than copra meal due to incomplete extraction
- protein is 12%
A
sapal
9
Q
comes from manufacture of desiccated coconut
A
coconut paring meal
10
Q
- a raw material in starch manufacturing
- their low lysine content prevents incorporation of corn gluten feed and meal in nonruminant diets in higher amounts.
A
Corn by-products
11
Q
a corn by-product that contains 22% CP
A
corn gluten feed
12
Q
a corn by-product that contains 40% CP results of further separation of fibrous materials (cobs, coat and bran)
A
corn gluten meal
13
Q
Animal protein feed meals
Commercially prepared (2)
A
FISH MEAL
SHRIMP MEAL
14
Q
Slaughtering – by – products (3)
A
MEAT MEAL
MEAT and BONE MEAL
HYDROLYZED FEATHER MEAL
15
Q
Dairy by – products (2)
A
SKIMMILK POWDER
WHEY
16
Q
ANIMAL PROTEIN FEEDS (3)
A
Commercially prepared seafood meals.
Slaughtering – by – products
Dairy by – products
17
Q
– most common animal preotein source
- most are imported from Peru, Panama, China, etc.
- _______%CP with fairly high Ca and P contents
- produced from herring, menhaden, anchovy, etc.
- local _______ has high salt and lower protein (55%) contents
A
fishmeal
60 -65
18
Q
- lower protein content than fishmeal
- about 10-15% of its protein is ______
- an excellent source of _____
A
SHRIMP MEAL
chitin
choline
19
Q
- 80% protein
- its biological value is low, so it must be used sparingly in non ruminant diets
- excellent protein source for ruminants
A
HYDROLYZED FEATHER MEAL
20
Q
- excellent amino acid source and is used mainly in swine creep feeding (booster) and pre- starter diets.
- in older animals, its supplementation is limited by high price and cases of lactose intolerance
A
SKIMMILK POWDER
21
Q
- resulting liquid by – product in manufacturing of cheese
- consist mainly of milk sugars (lactose : ____%), minerals, high in energy, Ca and P
A
WHEY
70
22
Q
5 Types of Whey
A
sweet whey powder
acid whey powder
whey protein concentrate
reduced – lactose whey
whey permeate
23
Q
a type of whey that came from Cheddar and Swiss cheeses
A
sweet whey powder
24
Q
a type of whey that came from cottage and ricotta cheeses
A
acid whey powder
25
- produced from removing
some non – protein components of whey
- lactose is reduce to ____% or even less
- protein is increased to -----% depending on the degree of extraction of non-proteinous substances
whey protein concentrate
50
34-80
26
a type of whey which lactose is 50-60%
reduced – lactose whey
27
type of whey which has the highest lactose (80%) with reduced protein of 4%
whey permeate
28
In polishing rice grain, the bran (______ and _____) layer is removed together with some of the germs
BULKY FEEDS
pericarp
aleurone
29
Bulky feed types (3)
RICE BRAN
CORN AND CORN BRAN
WHEAT AND WHEAT BRAN OR POLLARD
30
classes of rice brans (3)
D1 class
D2 class
RICE OIL
31
– is from cone type rice mill
- in the milling process, the ____ is removed, followed by the bran – separating bran from the hull
- has lower fiber and higher crude protein form D2
D1 class
hull
32
– is produced using a smaller capacity rice mill
- has higher fiber compared to D1 due to the inclusion of the hull
D2 class
33
- the product after rice bran was defatted
- higher in protein (16%) but lower in energy value due to extraction of oil
RICE OIL
34
- type of bulky feed with higher protein compared to rice bran (16%)
WHEAT AND WHEAT BRAN OR POLLARD
35
4 types of liquid supplements
Molasses (liquid concentrate)
Coconut oil
Pork fat or lard
Tallow or beef fat (grease)
36
- has no fiber content but mainly highly digestible CHO for animal feeding
- ___% protein with ____% moisture content thus equivalent energy content as fed is low
- adds to the palatability of the diet and checks dustiness of the feed mixture
Molasses (liquid concentrate)
3
25
37
- boosts energy level of mixed feeds
- crude is cheaper than refined coco oil
Coconut oil
38
type of liquid supplement where its consistency varies according to the type of the diet
Pork fat or lard
39
a type of liquid supplement more solid than lard due to high proportion of saturated fat, notably _____
Tallow or beef fat (grease)
stearin
40
are basically classified as concentrates or
roughages
Feeds
41
- are those that are relatively high in
digestible nutrients and low in fiber (<18%)
- also include the mineral sources as well as
synthetic vitamin preparations, and additives
Concentrate feeds
42
are those that are low in digestible nutrients and high in fiber
Roughages
43
THE CONCENTRATE FEEDS
- are used primarily to provide high amounts of utilizable energy
- cereal grains as well as tubers or root crops are the main _______ used locally
Energy feeds
44
THE CONCENTRATE FEEDS (8)
1. Energy feeds
2. Bulky feeds
3. Plant protein feeds
4. Animal protein feeds
5. Liquid supplements
6. Synthetic vitamins and amino acids
7. Minerals
8. Additives
45
THE CONCENTRATE FEEDS
- have medium amounts of energy since thay
have higher fiber content than the energy feeds
- some of them also supply high amounts of CHON in contrast to high energy feeds
- includes bran and pollard
Bulky feeds
46
- contain high concentrations of protein (legume seeds and oil extraction residues)
- some leaf CHON concentrates are used for
inclusion in nonruminant diet
Plant protein feeds
47
- come from animal tissues
- include fish meals, shrimp meals as well as those by –products resulting from processing of animal products (meat meal, meat and bone meal), skim milk powder
Animal protein feeds
48
- are added to the diet in liquid form (molasses, oils and fats)
Liquid supplements
49
- are added to adjust the vitamin and amino acid levels of the formula when the natural ingredients could not meet the specifications
Synthetic vitamins and amino acids
50
- these substances provide minerals that are
lacking in the main ingredients.
- use to prepare mineral premixes
Minerals
51
- this group do not supply specific nutrients, but their inclusion in diets in diet may improve animal performance
- includes growth promotants, antimolds,
antibiotics, antioxidants, pro and prebiotics etc.
Additives
52
Energy
_______– no particular
importance in describing energy
value of feed
* Digestible, metabolizable and net –
are most impt.
Gross energy
53
energy after deducting
the heat increment (produced by
animal in fed states due to chemical
reactions involve in processing the feed.
- required to maintain various body
processes
Net energy
54
net e. in excess of the required needed to maintain processes – translates to live wt gains, meat, milk, eggs, fetus and work.
Productive energy
55
THE ENERGY FEEDS (6)
Cereal grains
Corn (Zea mays)
Rice (Oryza sativa)
Sorghum (Sorghum vulgare)
Cassava (Manihot esculenta)
Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas)
56
Other major root crops found in tropical countries;
- small volume available in the market
- supply inconsistency
- toxic factors
- processing problems
YAM (Dioscorea spp)
TARO (Colocasia, Alocasia and Xanthosoma spp)
57
most impt sources of energy feeds for
human and animal consumption : _______
species
- their seeds contain mostly starch with 8-12%
protein
- grain is good source of polyunsaturated oils (olein and linoleic) mostly found in germ
Cereal grains
Graminea
58
Saturated – (w/ or no db?)
Unsaturated – (w/ or no db)
Essential – ______, linolenic, _______
no db
w/ db
linoleic
arachidonic
59
* No double bonds
* Saturated with hydrogenatom (LMPS)
* what does lmps mean
Saturated FA
lauric, myristic, palmitic, stearic
60
* With double bond
Mono unsaturated FA
61
* More than 1 bond
* ALA, EPA, DHA – omega 3
* Linolenic (LA), arachidonic (AA) –
omega 6
Polyunsaturated FA
62
when vegetable oil is hardened or solidified
through a process of treatment with hydrogen at high pressure and
temperature
Artificial Trans FAT
63
- most popular feed ingredient due to its palatability and is highly relished both by monogastrics and ruminants
- ME content is 3400 kcal/kg for poultry and 3300 kcal/kg for swine
- crude protein content is only 8-10%
- its CHON content, _____, has low lysine content
- yellow corn is high in carotene
- white corn may also be fed to animals
Corn (Zea mays)
zein
64
- broken rice, middlings, old stocks, and those that were damage by improper handling may be fed to animals
- protein content is similar to corn, 8-9%
Rice (Oryza sativa)
65
______ is the term for whole grain ground for
animal feeding (hulls), with lower protein and energy
content compared to polished rice.
rough rice
66
- used as alternative to corn
- some of its varieties contain significant amounts of tannins affecting the nutritive value of the grain
Sorghum (Sorghum vulgare)
67
- common root crop being cultivated in the tropics
- easily deteriorates after harvest due to high moisture and big sized roots that needs to be chopped for more efficient drying
- major problem – high cyanide content
Cassava (Manihot esculenta)
68
- another important root crop
- it also deteriorates easily, thus, immediate attention to drying is needed.
Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas)
