Plant Physiology

Question 1

Kinase

Answer 1

adds a phosphate group

Question 2

Phosphotase

Answer 2

removes a phosphate group

Question 3

Isomerase

Answer 3

converts between isomers

Question 4

Aldolase

Answer 4

joins or splits two organic molecules

Question 5

Transketolase

Answer 5

transfers two carbon fragments

Question 6

Epimerase

Answer 6

a particular isomerase

Question 7

Goes IN to the Calvin Cycle

Answer 7

CO2, ATP, NADPH go IN

Question 8

Carbon Fixation (carboxylation)

Answer 8

“Fixes” CO2 into an organic molecule using Rubisco

Question 9

Carbon Reduction

Answer 9

Puts the energy from photosynthetic ATP and NADPH into the recently “fixed” carbon

Question 10

RuBP Regeneration

Answer 10

Turns some of the triode phosphate products back into RuBP to keep the cycle going.

Question 11

For every 2 NADPH

Answer 11

We need 3 ATP

Question 12

P680

Answer 12

gets energized and loses electrons to phaeophytin. Is a powerful oxidizing agent, which allows it to split H2O and steal electrons.

Question 13

The Mobile Plastoquinone

Answer 13

-Relatively small -soluble in the thylakoid membrane - Can carry 2 electrons and 2H+ ions from the stroma side to the lumen side.

Question 14

Comes OUT of the Calvin Cycle

Answer 14

Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate, ADP, and NADP+ come OUT

Question 15

Where does the Calvin Cycle happen?

Answer 15

The Stroma

Question 16

Where is Abscisic Acid made?

Answer 16

It starts in the PLASTIDS and finishes in the CYTOPLASM

Question 17

The breakdown of violaxanthin makes:

Answer 17

Absisic Acid

Question 18

Ethylene promotes

Answer 18

• Fruit Ripening
• Abcision of leaves an flowers
• seed germination, but only SOMETIMES

Question 19

Ethylene inhibits

Answer 19

• Seed germination in most plants
• Flowering in most plants

Question 20

Ethylene Triple Response

Answer 20

• Short hypocotyls
• Thickened hypocotyls
• The “hook” of the seedling stays hooked

Question 21

True or False:

All plant hormones can be classified into five groups

Answer 21

False

Question 22

_________ is very similar to the amino acid tryptophan.

Answer 22

Indoleacetic Acid

Question 23

In Stems, polar auxin transport occurs mainly in the:

Answer 23

Vascular parenchyma cells ONLY

Question 24

Natural Auxins

Answer 24

• Indole-3-acetic Acid
• PAA
• IBA

Question 25

Synthetic Auxins

Answer 25

* NAA (Napthalene acetic acid)

Question 26

Auxin Herbicides

Answer 26

* 2,4-D * Picloram * Dicamba * Dichlorporp

Question 27

Anti-Auxin

Answer 27

Competes for binding sites, but doesn't activate growth. Example: PCIB

Question 28

Where does Auxin (IAA) come from?

Answer 28

Synthesized primarly from Tryptophan. Is produced in actively growing shoot tissues ( leaves, fruit, and meristematic tissue)

Question 29

Non-polar auxin transport

Answer 29

Transported in the **phloem** for long distance movement.

Question 30

POLAR auxin transport

Answer 30

transported in _vascular parenchyma cells_ in the vascular cylinder for *short distances*.

Question 31

Auxin moves in a ______ direction via the polar pathway.

Answer 31

**BASIPETAL** from tip to base

Question 32

Depending on the tissue, cells exposed to auxin may:

Answer 32

* _Elongate_ (shoots) * _Expand **laterally**_ (root swelling) * _Expand **isodiametrically**_ (Fruits)