Plant organs

Question 1

Angiosperms are considered either

Answer 1

monocots or dicots

Question 2

monocot seed, root, vascular, leaf, flower

Answer 2

one cotyledon, fibrous roots, scattered, parallel veins, multiples of three

Question 3

dicot seed, root, vascular, leaf, flower

Answer 3

two cotyledon, tap roots, ringed, net-like veins, 4-5

Question 4

major plant organs

Answer 4

shoots, roots

Question 5

major organs apart of the shoot

Answer 5

leaves, stems, flowers

Question 6

major functions of roots

Answer 6

anchorage, storage, conduction

Question 7

primary roots are the first roots that ___ from the __ within the seed

Answer 7

emerge, embryo

Question 8

lateral roots branch out from the ___

Answer 8

initial primary root

Question 9

in taproot systems, the initial primary root is ___

Answer 9

distinguishable

Question 10

in fibrous root systems, there is not one

Answer 10

prominent root

Question 11

root apical meristem is located at the tip, which is protected by a

Answer 11

root cap

Question 12

name the tissues of the root starting from the outside, working in

Answer 12

protoderm, ground meristem, procambium

Question 13

what is the purpose of the root cap

Answer 13

to protect the root apical meristem as it grows in the soil

Question 14

3 distinct regions of root cell growth

Answer 14

cell division, elongation, maturation

Question 15

primary structures of roots

Answer 15

epidermis, cortex, vascular tissues

Question 16

root epidermis includes

Answer 16

root hairs

Question 17

waht tissue is root cortex

Answer 17

ground tissue

Question 18

cortex root has specialized cell types:

Answer 18

specialized cell types: aerenchyma, endodermis with casparian strip, pericycle

Question 19

eudicot root structure

Answer 19

vascualr cylinder in the center

Question 20

eudicot and monocot root pericycle

Answer 20

extra cells in the vascular cylinder

Question 21

eudicot and monocot root phloem

Answer 21

cells around the xylem

Question 22

eudicot and monocot root xylem

Answer 22

big circles

Question 23

eudicot and monocot root epidermis

Answer 23

outermost layer

Question 24

eudicot and monocot root exodermis

Answer 24

layer just inside the epidermis

Question 25

Monocot root structure

Answer 25

vascular cylinder has pith – ground tissue in the very center

Question 26

eudicot and monocot root endodermis

Answer 26

the cells surrounding the vascular cylinder

Question 27

differences between Xylem and Phloem

Answer 27

phloem to the outside and xylem to the inside; xylem vessels are always larger in diameter and may have noticeably thicker cell walls

Question 28

purpose of casparian strip

Answer 28

makes the cell wall spaces of the endodermis hydrophobic bc made of Suberin which is a type of wax

Question 29

purpose of endodermis

Answer 29

regulates water and nutrient uptake into the vascular cylinder

Question 30

what is the pericycle and what is it made of

Answer 30

The pericycle is the layer of cells just inside the endodermis; it is made of meristematic cells that divide to produce lateral roots

Question 31

Why does it make sense that lateral roots would originate from the vascular cylinder?

Answer 31

Lateral roots need direct access to xylem and phloem for water, nutrient, and sugar transpor

Question 32

parts of the shoot system

Answer 32

stems, leaves, node-internode organization

Question 33

purpose of stems

Answer 33

support and conduction

Question 34

purpose of leaves

Answer 34

photosynthesis

Question 35

every node has an

Answer 35

axillary bud

Question 36

The shoot apex includes the ___ together with the ___ that produces ___

Answer 36

apical meristem, subapical region, young leaf primordia

Question 37

who has a pith in the stem

Answer 37

eudicots

Question 38

what are cortex cells

Answer 38

extra cells outside the vascular cylinder

Question 39

3 basic types of primary structure in stems (regarding vascular cylinder)

Answer 39

1) with a vascular cylinder (eudicot) 2) a ring that is composed of multiple vascular bundles (eudicot) 3) scattered vascular bundles (monocot)

Question 40

types of a ring that is composed of multiple vascular bundle

Answer 40

with or without the procambium with procambium - open vascular bundles without procambium -> no secondary growth; these are closed vascular bundles (surrounded by bundle sheaths) xylem is big, towards the inside phloem is towards the outside

Question 41

Leaves are arranged in an orderly pattern on stems at

Answer 41

nodes

Question 42

Simple leaves have a ___ & ___

Answer 42

blade and petiole (petiole is the stem of the leaf)

Question 43

Compound leaves are divided into leaflets & describe

Answer 43

leaflet, between leaflets is a rachis, petiole is the stem at the bottom of all the leaves

Question 44

do sessile leaves have a petiole

Answer 44

no

Question 45

most monocots have a leaf-like base called a

Answer 45

sheath

Question 46

Leaves have 3 tissue systems

Answer 46

epidermis, ground, vascular

Question 47

The ground tissue of a leaf is called ___, which includes ___

Answer 47

mesophyll, palisade and spongy parenchyma (or sometimes only spongy)

Question 48

what is the midrib

Answer 48

the major vein down the center of the leaf

Question 49

xylem and phloem in the leaf

Answer 49

xylem is toward the top, phloem is towards the bottom of the leaf

Question 50

venation of the leaf can be ___ or ___

Answer 50

netter, parallel

Question 51

adaptation of the hydrophyte/water lily

Answer 51

it has air so it can float

Question 52

adaptation of the xerophyte/oleander

Answer 52

has trichomes on the outside to ward of predators

Question 53

Many plants have an ___ at the base of the petiole, where leaves are dropped

Answer 53

abscission zone

Question 54

abscission is a highly regulated process, where ___, ___, ___, and other ___ are broken down and returned to the ___

Answer 54

ions, proteins, pigments, and other molecules, stem

Question 55

___ break down the cell walls of the separation layer

Answer 55

Enzymes