Plant Nutrition Flashcards
Photosynthesis
Process in which plants use carbon dioxide and water in the presence of light to manufacture oxygen and glucose
Upper epidermis of leaf
Made of single layer of closely packed cells
Covered by waxy and transparent cuticle
Mesophyll
Main site of photosynthesis
Consist of palisade mesophyll and spongy mesophyll
Glucose used for
Cellular respiration to provide energy for cell activities
Form cellulose cell walls
Excess glucose is converted to
Starch
In darkness what happens to glucose converted to starch
Converted back into glucose
Sucrose function
- component of nectar in flowers
- transport to other parts of plant
- converted to starch or other storage compounds
- may be converted back to glucose
Glucose forms
Fats
Fats function
- storage
- used in cellular respiration
- synthesis of new protoplasm
Glucose reacts with
Magnesium and nitrate in soil to form chlorophyll for absorbing sunlight
Glucose reacts with
Nitrates and other mineral ions absorbed from soil
Form amino acids in leaves
Amino acids function
Form proteins to use for synthesis of new protoplasm in leaves
Excess amino acids used for
Transported to other parts of plant for
- synthesis of new protoplasm
- storage as proteins
Glucose
Simplest energy organic molecules are carbohydrates
Simplest stable form of carbohydrates is glucose
Starch may not be because of photosynthesis because
Starch can be formed in roots or underground storage organs of plants
Why need to destarch a plant before experiment
So that all starch formed at end of the experiment are formed during the experiment
Chlorophyll
Converts light energy into chemical energy
Villi
Minute finger like projections on inner surface of small intestine
Function of villi
Increase surface area for absorption
Each villus has what
Blood capillaries that allow blood to transport absorbed glucose and amino acids away
Lacteal
In the middle of villi, transport absorbed fats away
Epithelium or wall of villi is thin
Short diffusion distance for nutrients to pass through
What happen to amino acid that enter the cells after absorption
Covered into new cytoplasm, used for growth and repair of worn out tissues
Enamel and dentine made of
Calcium salts
How many incisors
4 on each jaw
How many canines
2 on each jaw next to incisors
How many premolars
Behind each canine there are 2 premolars
2 protrusions called cusps
How many molars
Behind premolars are 3 molars
4 of more cusps
Sunlight guard cells
Absorb water from nearby epidermal cells
Become turgid
Cell curves around stoma and stoma opens
Strong sunlight guard cells
Stomata close to prevent water loss
Excess evaporation of water causes guard cell to be flaccid and close
