Human Nutrition Flashcards
Vitamin c stands for
Ascorbic acid
Vitamin c function
Synthesis of collagen
Collagen function
Help heal wounds and bind cells tgt
Vitamin c deficiency disease
Scurvy
Scurvy
Swollen gums
Internal bleeding in muscles and skin
Sources of vitamin c
Citrus fruits
Papaya
Banana
Vitamin d function
Promote absorption of calcium and phosphates from intestines
Vitamin d deficiency disease
Rickets
Rickets
Risk of tooth decay
Bones bend under body weight
Bones become soft and pliable
Sources of vitamin d
Egg yolk
Calcium function
For healthy bones and teeth
Calcium deficiency disease
Rickets in children
Osteoporosis in adults
Sources of calcium
Milk
Cheese
Green vegetables
Iron function
Making haemoglobin
Iron deficiency disease
Anemia
Anemia
Person looks pale due to lack of red blood cells
Sources of iron
Liver
Egg yolk
Peristalsis
When the intestinal walls contact to push undigested food material
Peristalsis prevents
Constipation
How to test for vitamin c
DCPIP
Blue solution turns colorless if vitamin c present
Nutrition
Organisms obtain food and energy for growth and repair of body
Order of nutrition process
Ingestion
Digestion
Absorption
Assimilation
Alimentary canal
Long tube that extends from mouth to anus
Hydrochloric acid function
- stop salivary amylase action
- provide acidic medium for prison to work
- kill harmful microorganisms in food
Gastric juice in stomach
- pepsin
- hydrochloric acid
Food broken up in mouth called
Boli
Pepsin function
Digest proteins to short chains of amino acids in stomach
Partly digested food in stomach becomes liquefied forming
Chyme
What happens after chyme is formed
Chyme passes into duodenum in small amounts when the ring of muscle at lower part of stomach relaxes and opens
Pancreatic juice made of
- amylase
- trypsin
- lipase
When chyme enters small imtestine
- stimulates pancreas to secrete pancreatic juice
- gall bladder release bile
- epithelial cells in small intestine produced enzymes maltase and lipase
How are carbohydrates digested
Starch (pancreatic amylase) maltose (maltase) glucose
How are proteins digested
Stomach
Proteins (pepsin) polypeptides
Small intestines
Proteins (trypsin) polypeptides
Bile
- chemical substance
- break down fat molecules into smaller molecules (emulsification)
- stored in gall bladder
How are fats digested
Broken down into smaller molecules by bile
Emulsifies fats (lipase) fatty acids + glycerol
Pancreas hormones
Insulin
Glucagon
Function of insulin in pancreas
Convert excess glucose into glycogen, stored in liver
Function of glucagon in pancreas
When body needs energy, glycogen (glucagon) glucose
Physical digestion
Mechanical breakdown of food into small pieces, no chemical change to food molecules
Chemical digestion
Breakdown of larger molecules in food into small soluble substances that can be absorbed into body cells
Absorption
Food molecules after digestion given to blood for circulating in body and reaching all cells
Assimilation
Cells absorb nutrients after digestion
Lacteal
Transport absorbed fats away
Villus
Have blood capillaries that allow blood to transport absorbed glucose and amino acids away
