Plant Nutrition Flashcards
Lecture 11
What do plants need to stay alive?
nutrients, CO2, light, and H2O
where do plants get what they need to survive?
dissolved ions in soil water
how do ions enter plants
chemiosmosis
What is hydroponic culture?
used to identify 17 essential elements needed by all plants
why are the essential elements needed by plants
required for plant to complete normal growth and development
what are the 9 macronutrients plants need
C, H, O, N, K, Ca, Mg, P, S
what are the 8 micronutrients plants need
Cl, Fe, Mn, B, Zn, Cu, Ni, Mo
what do genetically-engineered “smart plants” do?
- signal nutrient deficiencies before damage has occurred
- reporter gene is linked to production of light blue pigment
what does soil texture affect?
- ability of roots to penetrate soil
- ability to hold water
- availability of O2
- nutrients availability
what does soil quality determine?
crop yields; requires soil conservation
What soil is healthy for plants?
healthy soil, but plants are also essential for healthy soil
what is the great plains dust bowl?
replacement of hardy natural grasses with wheat
what does cation exchange release?
nutrients bound to soil particles
what do negatively charged soil particles bind to?
positively charged ions. These are not easily lost from soils
H+ ions displace mineral cations which enter soil solution to do what?
to become available to plants
what is the bond anions have with soil particles?
they are not tightly bound so are easily lost from soil
how does nutrient uptake occur?
via the root system
what do root hairs increase?
greatly increase surface area available for nutrient and water uptake
what do root hairs have?
membrane proteins, including proton pumps
what do the proton pumps on root hairs do?
generate electrochemical gradients
how do ions move on root hairs?
via ion channels or co-transporters
fungal hyphae extending into the soil does what for a plant?
increases surface area for nutrient uptake
what does fungus secrete?
peptidases
what do peptidases do?
break down amino acids in dead, organic matter releasing nitrates and phosphates
