PLANT KINGDOM

Question 1

Name the 2 kingdoms of classification and their founders

Answer 1

artificial-Linnaeus
Natural-george bentham and joseph hooker

Question 2

Why was artificial system not accepted?

Answer 2

As it gave equal weightage to both vegetative and sexual characters

Question 3

Natural classification was based on?

Answer 3

External features, embryology, ultrastructure, anatomy, phytochemistry

Question 4

Which system is accepted in the present?

Answer 4

Phylogenetic system based on evolutionary relationships

Question 5

What is cytotaxonomy and chemotaxonomy based on?

Answer 5

chromosome number,structure,behaviour
chemical constituents of plants

Question 6

4 characteristics of algae

Answer 6

chlorophyllous, simple, thalloid, autotrophic

Question 7

Vegetative structure of algae is called?

Answer 7

Thallus

Question 8

What is the cell wall of algae made up of?

Answer 8

Inner layer of cellulose and outer layer of pectin

Question 9

Algae is classified into?

Answer 9

Chlorophyceae (green algae), phaeophyceae (brown algae), rhodophyceae (red algae)

Question 10

Name the different shapes of chloroplasts

Answer 10

oval, round , discoid, reticulate, cup shaped, spiral, ribbon like

Question 11

one of more storage bodies called ________ are located in the chloroplast besides starch

Answer 11

pyrenoids

Question 12

Name the types of reproduction that can take place by algae

Answer 12

Vegetative repro-fragmentation, formation of spores
Asexual-zoospores
Sexual-isogamous,anisogamous,oogamous

Question 13

Where are brown algae primarily found?

Answer 13

Marine habitat

Question 14

Name the major pigments present in each of the algae

Answer 14

green-chla,b,carotenes,xanthophylls
brown-chla,c,fucoxanthin,beta-carotenes
red-chla,d,phycoerythrins,phycocyanin,carotenoids

Question 15

Name the reserve food material in each algae

Answer 15

green- true strach,sugar
brown- laminarin,mannitol
red- floredian starch

Question 16

Give examples of each algae

Answer 16

green-volvox chalamydomonas,ulothrix
brown-laminarin, fucus,dictyota,sargassum
red-porphyra,polysiphonia

Question 17

Who are amphibians of plant kingdom and why?

Answer 17

Bryophytes
as the live on soil but depend on waster for reproduction

Question 18

where do bryophytes occur?

Answer 18

damp,humid,shaded localities

Question 19

Describe the plant body of bryophytes

Answer 19

They lack roots,stems,leaves
Main plant body is haploid and produces gametes called gametophyte
Male sex organ-antheridium
Female sex organ-Archaegonium
Sporophyte is attached to gametophyte and derives nourishment from it

Question 20

What are the types of bryophyte?

Answer 20

Liverworts and mosses

Question 21

Where is liverwort found?

Answer 21

moist,shady habitat like bark of tree, damp soil, deep in woods

Question 22

The plant body of liverwort is _________

Answer 22

thalloid eg.marchantia

Question 23

How does liverwort reproduce?

Answer 23

asexual-fragmentation,gemmae
sexual-male and female sex organs

Question 24

Give examples of liverworts

Answer 24

riccia,marchantia

Question 25

Predominant stage of life cycle of moss is __________

Answer 25

gametophyte

Question 26

Gametophyte consists of 2 stages, name them.

Answer 26

Protonema stage-develops directly from spore, it is a creeping green,branched, filamentous algae
Leafy stage-develops from secondary protonema lateral bud, this stage bears sex organs

Question 27

How does moss reproduce?

Answer 27

vegeative-fragmentation
sexual_archaegonia, antherirdium
after fertilisation zygote develops into sporophyte consisting foot,seta,capsule

Question 28

Examples of mosses

Answer 28

Funaria, polytrichum, sphagnum

Question 29

Whoa re the first to develop vascular tissues? What do they include

Answer 29

Pteridophytes
horsetails and ferns

Question 30

Where are pteridophytes found

Answer 30

Cool,damp,shady, sandy-soil

Question 31

main plant body in pteridophytes is

Answer 31

sporophyte- differentiated into root,stem,leaves

Question 32

Spores germinate to give rise to inconspicuous

Answer 32

prothallus

Question 33

Examples of pteridophytes

Answer 33

selaginella,equisetum,fern,salvinia

Question 34

Gymnosperms include

Answer 34

tall trees,shrubs, sequoia,pinus.mycorrhiza,cycas

Question 35

leaves in gymnosperms can withstand

Answer 35

extreme temp,humidity,wind

Question 36

gymnosperms are

Answer 36

heterosporous

Question 37

the most highly evolved plants are? give examples

Answer 37

angiosperms
wolfia,eucalyptus

Question 38

what are angiosperms divided into

Answer 38

dicots and monocots

Question 39

describe haplontic life cycle

Answer 39

1.gametophyte gives rise to haploid gametes
2.gametes fuse and produce diploid zygote
3.zygote remains single celled
4.meiosis occurs at the time of zygote germination, 4 haploid nuclei are formed
5.3 degenerate in some cases
6.haploid protoplast gives rise to new plant

Question 40

describe diplontic life cycle

Answer 40

1. single somatic phase
   2.sporophyte produces sex organs and gametes
   3.diploid body may multiply vegetatively and produce accessory spores
   4.meiosis occurs at the time of gamete formation
   5.gametes fuse and diploid individual is formed

Question 41

describe haplo-diplontic life cycle

Answer 41

1.sporophyte posses diploid chromosome and meiosis takes place
2.haplod meispores germinate to produce haploid gametophytes
3.gametophyte produces gametes
4.fusion of gametes result in diploid zygote

Question 42

give examples of each type of life cycle

Answer 42

haplontic-volvox,spirogyra,chlamydomonas
diplontic-fucus,cladophore
haplo-diplontic-dictyota,ectocarpus,polysiphonia