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BOTANY > Photosynthesis in higher plants > Flashcards

Photosynthesis in higher plants Flashcards

1
Q

What type of process is photosynthesis?

A

Physio-chemical process

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2
Q

What is EnAnRe?

A

energy is used (endergonic)
constructive process ( anabolic)
reduction of co2 (reductive)

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3
Q

Uses of photosynthesis?

A
  1. primary source of food for all organisms
  2. responsible for evolution of o2 for survival
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4
Q

What does Moll’s half leaf experiment prove?

A

It proves that co2 is essential for photosynthesis

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5
Q

Timeline of Joseph priestly

A

1733-1804

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6
Q

When did priestly start his experiments and when did he discover o2?

A

1770
1774

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7
Q

What did priestly state?

A

He stated that plants restore to air what breathing mouse and burning candle removed

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8
Q

what did priestly’s experiment use?

A

Bell jar + mouse + burning candle + mint plant

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9
Q

Time line of Jan ingenhouz

A

1730-1799

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10
Q

Statement of ingenhouz

A

Stated that green parts release o2 in the presence of sunlight

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11
Q

What experiment did ingenhouz do?

A

He repeated the experiment of priestly in dark and sunlight.
in sunlight the results were true but in dark the animal died and candle extinguised.
he introduced hydrilla plant and noticed the formation of bubbles, on testing they were found to be o2

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12
Q

When did julius von sachs conduct his experiment?

A

1854

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13
Q

What is sachs discover?

A

He provided evidence that there is production of glucose when plants grow. later it is stored as starch

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14
Q

Timeline of T.W Engelmann

A

1843-1909

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15
Q

What did engelmann work on?

A

He worked on green algae cladophora in suspension of aerobic bacteria.

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16
Q

What were aerobic bacteria used to detect?

A

Site of o2 evolution

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17
Q

What did engelmann observe?
What did he provide?

A

He observed that aerobic bacteria accumulated in blue and red regions of spectrum.
He provided first action spectrum which roughly resembled absorption spectrum of chl a and b.
He gave the first empirical equation of photosynthesis.
Co2 + H20 ———> CH2O + O2

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18
Q

TimeLine of cornelius von neil

A

1897-1985

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19
Q

What did von neil work on?
What did he infer?

A

He worked on green sulphur bacteria and purple sulphur bacteria.
He infered that O2 evolved dudring photosynthesis is from H2) not from CO2.

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20
Q

Who used radio isotopic technique to prove von neil’s statement?

A

Ruben and Kamen

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21
Q

Range of visible light and PAR

A

390-760nm
400-700nm

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22
Q

Why are chloroplast aligned close to cell walls?

A
  1. diffusion of gases
  2. get optimum sunlight
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23
Q

How are chloroplast placed at high and low light intensities?

A

flat surface of chloroplast is parallel to cell wall at low light intensities
flat surface of chloroplast is perpendicular to cell wall at high light intensities.

24
Q

Where do light reaction occur?

A

Grana thylakoids and stoma lamellae

25
Q

Which pigments are grana thylakoids made of and what do they do?

A

Chlorophyll and carotenoids
They capture sunlight and synthesize chemical intermediates call ATP & NADPH.
They also synthesize O2 in atmosphere

26
Q

What are dark reactions also called as and why?

A

Carbon reactions
as photosynthetic enzymes fix co2 into carbohydrates called glucose by incorporating chemical intermediates of light phase

27
Q

Where do dark reactions occur?

A

Stroma

28
Q

How are pigments separated?

A

Paper chromatography

29
Q

Give colour and chemical formula of
1. carotene
2. xanthophyll
3. chl a
4. chl b

A
  1. C40H56, orange or red
  2. C40H56O2, yellow
  3. C55H72O5N4Mg, bright green or blue green
  4. C55H70O6N4Mg, yellow green
30
Q

What are carotenoids?
give its colour

A

Carotene + Xanthophyll
Yellow orange

31
Q

Shape of chlorophyll

A

tadpole shaped

32
Q

Give types of chlorophyll and where they are present

A

Chl a - all plants and BGA
Chl b - all green algae and higher plants
Chl c - Brown algae, diatoms, dinoflagellates
Chl d - red algae
Chl e - Xanthophyceae

33
Q

4 corners of chlorophyll represent

A

4 pyrol rings

34
Q

Head of chlorophyll is called as
it is the site of?

A

tetrapyrollic or prophyrin
electron rearrangement

35
Q

What is present in middle of chlorophyll?

A

single central non ionic Mg atom

36
Q

Where is prophyrin also seen in?

A

Haemoglobin and cytochromes

37
Q

What is phytol ring?

A

20C alcohol attached within the lipid of membrane

38
Q

Main pigment involved in photosynthesis?

A

Chl a

39
Q

function of chl b, carotenes, xanthophyll

A

capture wider wavelengths of light and pass the energy to chl a for efficient photosynthesis

40
Q

What are carotenoids also called as? what do they do?

A

Shield pigments
They protect the plant from photo oxidation and excess heat

41
Q

What is absorption spectrum

A

Graphic curve representing the amount of energy of different wavelengths of light absorbed by pigments

42
Q

What is action spectrum

A

Graphic curve showing rate of photosynthesis at different wavelengths of light absorbed by pigments

43
Q

Pigments organize into?

A

Discrete light harvesting complex

44
Q

LHC is a part of?
what does this part include?
how are they arranged?

A

Photosystem
PS1 and PS2
named in order of discovery not in terms of function

45
Q

Give reaction centre of PS1 and PS2

A

PS1 - chl a can absorb max of 700nm
PS2 - chl a can absorb max of 680nm

46
Q

where does splitting of h2o take place in chemiosmotic cycle

A

inner side of membrane or lumen

47
Q

chemiosmosis process requires

A

membrane,proton pump, proton gradient, ATP synthetase

48
Q

Who used the term assimilatory power

A

arnon

49
Q

NADPH alone is called ______power

A

reducing

50
Q

How many co2, atp and nadph are used to make 1 molecule of glucose in C3 cycle

A

6co2
18ATP
12NADPH

51
Q

C4 plants lack

A

photorespiration

52
Q

special anatomy of c4 leaves is called

A

kranz anatomy

53
Q

how many atp are consumed in C4

A

2atp

54
Q

loss of co2 occurs in ________ in photorespiration

A

mitochondria

55
Q
A

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