Plant Kingdom Flashcards
Five kingdom classification was given by-
R.H. Whittaker
Five kingdoms listed under Whittaker classification are-
Monera, Protista, Fungi, Animalia and Plantae
Cyanobacteria is classified under kingdom-
Monera
The divisions under kingdom Plantae are -
Algae, Bryophytes, Pteridophytes, Gymnosperms and Angiosperms
Plant classification system given by Linnaeus was based mainly on ___ or on ___
Vegetative characters or on the androecium structure
Classification system based on internal structure like embryology, phytochemistry, etc was given by
George Bentham and Joseph Dalton Hooker
Phylogenetic classification systems are based on ___
Evolutionary relationships
In ___ taxonomy, numbers and codes are assigned to all characters
Numerical
The taxonomy which is based on chromosome number, structure and behaviour is called
Cytotaxonomy
Taxonomy which includes chemical constitutes for classification
chemotaxonomy
Simple chlorophyll bearing, thalloid, aquatic and autotrophic organisms are called
Algae
Apart from water, algae is available in habitats like ____
moist stones, soil and wood
Algae live in association with fungi as
Lichens
Name alga which exists in colonial form
Volvox
Name any two filamentous algae
Ulothrix and Spirogyra
Modes of reproduction in Algae are
Vegetative, sexual and asexual
Vegetative reproduction in algae occurs by
Fragmentation
Most common type of asexually reproducing spores in algae are
Zoospores
Gametes are flagellated and similar in size in ___
Ulothrix/ Chlamydomonas
Gametes of Spirogyra are ___
Non-motile
Fusion of two gametes similar in size is called
isogamy
Fusion of two gametes dissimilar in size is called
anisogamy
Fusion of large non-motile female gametes with small motile male gametes is called
Oogamous
Two algae reproducing by oogamy are
volvox and fucus
An algae reproducing by anisogamy is
Eudorina
The organism which is primary producers of compounds forming basis of food cycles of aquatic animals are
Algae
Three genus of marine algae used as food are
Porphyra, Laminaria and Sargassum
Water holding substances produced by algae are called
hydrocolloids
Hydro-colloid-algin is produced by ____ algae
brown
Which hydrocolloid is produced by red algae?
Carrageen
Gelidium and Gracilaria are producers of ___
Agar
A unicellular alga rich in proteins used as a food supplement by space travellers is
Chlorella
Algae is divided into three main classes, namely
Chlorophyceae, Phaephyceae, Rhodophyceae
Members of chlorophyceae are commonly called
green algae
Members of chlorophyceae are green due to the presence of pigments-
chlorophyll a and b
Outer and inner layer of green algal cell is __ and ___ respectively
Pectose, cellulose
Most of the members of chlorophyceae possess storage bodies located in chloroplasts called
Pyrenoids
Pyrenoids contains ___ besides ___
Proteins; starch
Chlorophyceae reproduces vegetatively by ____ and by formation of ____
Fragmentation and spores
Asexual reproduction in green algae occurs by
Zoospores
Sexual reproduction is green algae can be through
isogamy, anisogamy or oogamy
Name 3 green algae
Chlamydomonas, Volvox, Ulothrix/ Spirogyra/ Chara
Members of Phaeophyceae are also called
brown algae
Brown algae is usually found in ___
marine habitats
Name the filamentous brown algae
Ectocarpus
A branched form of brown algae reaching upto 100 metres is ___
kelps
Pigments possessed by brown algae are
chlorophyll a, c, carotenoids and xanthophylls
Colour of brown algae depends on the amount of ___ present
xanthophyll pigment fucoxanthin
Xanthophyll pigment present in brown algae is
fucoxanthin
Food in brown algae is stored as ___
complex carbohydrates
Carbohydrates in brown algae is present in the form of
laminarin or mannitol
The gelatin coating covering cellulosic wall of brown algae is ___
algin
Protoplast of brown algae consists of ___, ___ and ___
plastid, central vacuole and nucleus
Plant body of brown algae is attached to substratum by
holdfast
The stalk of brown algae is called
Stipe
Leaf like photosynthetic organ of brown algae is called
frond
Vegetative reproduction in brown algae takes place by ___
Fragmentation
Asexual reproduction in brown algae takes place with the help of ___
biflagellate zoospore
Biflagellate zoospores of brown algae are __ shaped
pear
Sexual reproduction in brown algae may be
isogamous, anisogamous or oogamous
Union of gametes in brown algae takes place in ____
water
Attachment of flagella on the body of gametes of brown algae is ____
lateral
Five examples of algae belonging to Phaeophyceae are
Ectocarpus, Dictyota, Laminaria, Sargassum and Fucus
Members of rhodophyceae are commonly called
red algae
Dominant pigment in red algae is
r-phycoerythin
Algae is found in warmer regions in
Rhodophyceae
The algae found in both well-lighted region close to the surface as well as at greater depths are
Red algae
The red thalli of most of the red algae are
Multicellular
Food in red alage is stored in the form of ___
floridean starch
Structure of which starch resembles amylopectin and glycogen ?
floridean starch
Asexual reproduction in red algae occurs by ____ spores
non-motile
Sexual reproduction in red algae takes place by ____
Non-motile gametes
Sexual reproduction in red algae is ____
oogamous
4 examples of red algae are
Polysiphonia, Porphyra, Gracilaria and Gelidium
____ includes the various mosses and liverworts that are found commonly growing in ____ areas in hills
Bryophytes; moist shaded
Bryophytes are called ___ of plant kingdom
Amphibians
Bryophytes are dependent on ___ for sexual reproduction
water
Bryophytes usually occur in ____, ____ and ___ localities
damp, humid and shaded
Bryophytes play major ecological role in
plant succession
Plant body of bryophytes is attached to substratum by unicellular or multicellular ____
rhizoids
The ploidy of main plant body of bryophytes is
haploid
Haploid plant body of bryophytes is called
gametophyte
Sex organs of bryophytes are ___ cellular
multi
Male sex organ in bryophytes is called
antheridium
Antheridium produces biflagellated
antherozoids
Female sex organ in bryophytes is called
archegonium
Female sex organ in bryophytes is ___ shaped
flask
A multicellular body produced by fusion of male and female gametes in bryophytes is called
sporophyte