Morphology of Flowering Plants Flashcards
Root system found in dicotyledons?
Tap root system
Roots that originate from the base of the stem found in monocotyledons?
Fibrous root system
Roots that arise from parts of the plant other than the radicle are called?
Adventitious roots
In which region of root thread like structures called root hairs are present?
Region of Maturation
Thimble like structure covering the apex of root is known as
Root cap
Examples of tap root modification for storage of food
Carrot and turnip
Examples of adventitious root modification for storage of food
Sweet potato
Hanging structures that support the banyan tree are called
Prop roots
Examples of stilt roots
Maize and Sugarcane
Roots found in Rhizophora which helps in getting oxygen for respiration is known as
Pneumatophores
Underground stems modified to store food
Ginger, Tumeric, Potato, Colocasia and Zaminkand
Stem modification which hepls plant to climb
Tendrils
Examples of stem modifications as thorns
Bougainvilles and Citrus
Stem modified into chlorophyll containing flattened structures to carry out photosynthesis found in
Optunia
Stem modified into chlorophyll containing fleshy cylindrical structures to carry out photosynthesis found in
Euphorbia
Name the aquatic plants in which lateral branch with short internodes and each node bearing rosette of leaves and a tuff roots are found
Pistia and Eichhornia
Leaf bears a bud in its axil known as
Axillary bud
The leaf is attached to the stem by the
Leaf base
The leaf bear two lateral small leaf-like structures called
Stipules
In some leguminous plants the leaf base may become swollen, which is known as
Pulvinus
The green expanded part of the leaf with veins and veinlets are known as
Lamina or leaf blade
The arrangement of veins and the veinlets in the lamina of leaf is termed as
Venation
When the veinlets form a network, the venation is termed as
Reticulate venation
When the veins run parallel to each other within a lamina, the venation is termed as
Parallel venation
When the incisions of the lamina reach up to the midrib breaking it into a number of leaflets, the leaf is called
Compound leaf
Example of palmately compound leaf
Silk cotton
Opposite phyllotaxy is seen in
Calotropis and Guava
Whorled phyllotaxy is seen in
Alstonia
Example of plant in which leaves are modified into tendrils
Peas
Modification of leaves into fleshy leaves to store food
Onion and Garlic
When a shoot tip transforms into a flower, it is always
Solitary
Inflorescences in which main axis continues to grow the flowers are borne laterally in an acropetal succession
Racemose
Infloresence in which the main axis terminates in flower is limited in growth
Cymose
Reproductive unit in the angiosperms
flower
Swollen end of the stalk or pedicel
thalamus or receptacle
When the flower has both androceium and gynoecium it is known as
bisexual
When a flower having either only stamens or only carpels is known as
Unisexual
Examples of Actinomorphic flower
Mustard, datura and chilli
Examples of Zygomorphic flower
Pea, gulmohur, bean and Cassia
Flower that cannot be divided into two similar halves by any vertical plane passing through the centre,
Asymmetric
Flower with bracts are called
Bracteate
Flowers in which the gynoecium occupies the highest position while the other part is situated below it, known as
Hypogynous
If gynoecium is situated in the centre and the other part of the flower are located on the rim of the thalamus almost at the same level level, it is called
Perigynous
Flowers in which the margin of thalamus grows upward enclosing the ovary completely and getting fused with it and the other parts of the flower arise above the ovary, are
Epigynous flowers
Examples of inferior ovary
Flowers of guava and cucumber and the ray florets of sunflower
Calyx, when sepals are united, is
Gamosepalous
Calyx is called as when sepals are free
polysepalous
When sepals or petals in the whorl just touch one another at the margin, without overlapping it is said to be
Valvate
Example of valvate aestivation is
Calotropis
If one margin of the appendage overlap of the next one and so on, it is called
twisted
Example of twisted aestivation
China rose, lady finger and Cotton
If the margins of sepals or petals overlap one another but not in particular direction is known as
Imbricate Aestivation
Examples of vexillary or papilionaceous aestivation
Pea and bean
A sterile stamen is called
staminode
Epipetalous stamens are found in
Brinjal
When stamens are attached to the petals, they are called
epipetalous
When stamens are attached to the perianth, they are called
epiphyllous
Epiphyllous stamens are found in
Lily
When stamens in a flower are free, they are called
polyandrous
When the stamens are united into one bunch or one bundle, they are known as
monoadelphous
When the stamens may be united into two bundles, they are known as
Diadelphous
When the stamens may be united into more than two bundles, they are known as
polyadelphous
Variation in length of filaments within flower is seen in
Salvina and mustard
When more than one carpels are present and they are free, are called as
apocarpous
When more than one carpels are present and they are fused, are called as
syncarpous
Examples of syncarpous carpel
mustard and tomato
The arrangement of ovules within the ovary is known as
placentation
Examples of marginal placentation
Pea
When the placentation is axial and the ovules are attached to it in a multilocular ovary, the placentation is said to be
axile
Example of axile placentation
china rose, tomato and lemon
In ___ placentation the ovules develop on the inner wall of the ovary or on peripheral part
parietal
Examples of parietal placentation
mustard and Argemone
Examples of free central placentation
Dianthus and primose
When the ovules are borne on central axis and septa are absent, the placentation is called
free central
When the placenta develops at the base of ovary and a single ovule is attached to it, the placentation is called
basal placentation
Examples of plants showing basal placentation
sunflower, marigold
If a fruit is formed without fertilization of the ovary, it is called a
parenthenocarpic fruit
Examples of drupe
mango and coconut
Fruit that is developed from monocarpellary superior ovaries and are one seeded, are known as
drupe
In some seeds such as castor the endosperm formed as a result of double fertilization, is a food storing tissue and called
endospermic seeds
Examples of non endospermous seeds
bean, gram and pea
In plants such as bean, gram and pea, the endosperm is not present in mature seeds and such seeds are called
nonendospermous
The outer covering of endosperm separates the embryo by a proteinous layer called
aleurone layer
In monocot seeds, plumule is enclosed within a sheath called
coleoptile
In monocot seeds radicle is enclosed in a sheath which is called
coleorhiza
In the floral formula Br stands for
bracteate
In the floral formula K stands for
calyx
In the floral formula C stands for
corolla
In the floral formula P stands for
perianth
In the floral formula A stands for
Androecium
In the floral formula G stands for
Gynoecium
The position of the mother axis with respect to the flower is represented by
a dot on the top of the floral diagram
The Fabaceae family was earlier called as -
Papilionoideae
Papilonoideae is the subfamily of which family?
Leguminosae
Inflorescence in fabaceae family -
racemose
Example of a plant in fabaceae family from which dye is obtained?
Indigofera
Examples of plant in fabaceae family from which fibres are obtained?
sunhemp
Examples of Medicinal plant in fabaceae family
multani
Solanaceae family is commonly called as-
potato family
Example of medicinal plant in solanaceae family
belladona, ashwagandha
Example of fumigatory plant in Solanaceae family
tobacco
Examples of Ornamental plant in Solanaceae family
petunia
Lilaceae family is known as-
Lily family
Examples of ornamental plant in Lilaceae family
tulip, Gloriosa
Example of medicinal plant in Lilaceae family
Aloe
Example of plant used as vegetable in Lilaceae family
Asparagus
Reduced leaf found at the base of the pedicel is called
bracts
Flowers without bracts are called
Ebracteate
The angiosperms show such a large diversity in external structures or _____
morphology
Angiosperms are all characterised by presence of roots, ____, _____, ______ and ____
stems, leaves, flowers and flowers
Adaptations of the plants to their environment includes adaptations to various _____, for protection, _____, ____, etc
habitats, climbing, storage
The underground part of the flowering plant is ____ system while the portion above the ground forms the ____ system
root; shoot
In majority of the dicotyledonous plants, the direct elongation of the ____ leads to the formation of primary root which grows inside the soil
radicle
Primay root bears ____ roots of several orders that are referred to as secondary, tertiary, etc. roots
lateral
The primary roots and its branches constitute ____ system
taproot
Mustard plants have ____ system
taproot
In _____ plants, the primary root is short lived and is replaced by a large number of roots
monocotyledonous
____ root system is seen in the wheat plant
Fibrous
Which root system is found in some plants, like grass, Monstera and the banyan tree ?
Adventitious root system
Tthe main functions of the roor system are absorption of ____ and ___ from the soil.
water, minerals
The main functions of the root system are providing a proper ___ to the plant parts
anchorage
The main functions of the root system are storing reserve food material and synthesis of ___
plant growth regulators
_____ protects the tender apex of the root as it makes its way through the soil
root cap
A few millimetres above the root cap is the region of ____
meristematic activity
The cells of region of meristematic activity region are very small, ____ and with dense ____. They divide repeatedly
thin-walled, protoplasm
Region of elongation cells are located ____ to region of meristematic activity
proximal
Region of elongation cells undergo rapid elongation and ___
enlargement
Region of ____ is responsible for the growth of the root in length
elongation
The cells of the ____ zone gradually differentiate and mature
elongation
The zone, proximal to region of elongation, is called the region of ____
maturation
From the region of maturation some of the ____ cells form very fine and delicate, thread - like structures called root hairs
epidermal
These ___ absorb water and minerals from the soil
root hairs
Roots in some plants change their ___ and ____ and become modified to perform functions other than absorption and conduction of water and minerals
shape, structure