Plant Kingdom Flashcards
Artificial system of classification and drawbacks
Given by Carolus Linnaeus on the basis of androcium structure and external morphology
Drawbacks:- equal importance was given to both vegetative and reproductive features.
Natural system of classification
Propose by Benthem and Hooker on the basis of natural affinities like morphology, anatomy, embryology and phytochemistry.
Numerical taxonomy and drawbacks
Hundreds of character are studied at a time and each character is given equal weightage.
Drawback:- equal weightage was given to features like reproduction and
morphology.
Chemotaxonomy
Based on chemicals present inside a cell like DNA sequence et cetera.
Cytotaxonomy or karyotaxonomy
On the basis of cell structure and chromosomes.
Thallus organisation
Thallus:- algae and bryophytes
Non-thallus:- pteridophyte, gymnosperms and angiosperms.
Main plant body
Gametophyte:- algae and bryophytes
Sporophyte :- pteridophyte, gymnosperms and angiosperms.
In which plant division, both sporophytic and gametophytic stage can live independently?
Pteridophyte
In rest of the divisions, main plant body feeds the other stage.
Vascular tissue(X and P)
Absent in algae and bryophytes, present in rest.
Amphibians of plant kingdom
Bryophyte
Called so because they live on soil but need water for sexual reproduction
Algae habitat, form and association
Habitat is mostly freshwater and marine water
Can be unicellular like chlamydomonas and chorella, colonial like volvox, filament like spirogyra and ulothrix and can be of several metres like kelps.
Show association with fungi and sloth bear
Isogamous flagellated algae
Ulothrix
Isogamous non-flagellated algae
Spirogyra
Anisogamous algae
Eudorina
Oogamous algae
Volvox and fucus
Edible algae
LiPS
Laminaria, porphyra and sargassum
Algal hydrocolloids
Algin(BA) and carrageen(RA)
Agar is made by
Gelidium and gracilaria
High protein algae
Chlorella
What gives RA, GA and BA their color?
GA- chlorophyll
RA- r-phycoerythrin
BA- fucoxanthine
Stored food in different algae
GA- starch and oils (in pyrenoids)
RA-floridian starch
BA-laminarin and mannitol( brown coke in ml)
Which algae is non-flagellated?
Red algae
Asexual spore in algae
G-zoospore
B-zoospore
R-aplanospore
Sexual spore in algae
G-iso, aniso and oo
B-iso, aniso and oo
R-only oo
GA examples
Classy Car SUV
Chlamydomonas
Chara/chlorella
Spirogyra
Ulothrix
Volvox
Eudorina
BA examples
SELF Ka Defence
Sargassum
Ectocarpus
Laminaria
Fucus
Kelp
Dictyota
RA
Gol Gappe Pani Puri
Gellidium
Gracilaria
Porphyra
Polysiphonia
Bryophytes habitat
Moist, shady areas like stream banks, marshy ground, damp soil, bark of trees and deep in the woods.
Asexual reproduction in liverworts
Inside gemma cup, which contains asexual buds which are produced by budding.
Sexual reproduction in liverworts
They are diocious i.e unisexual
Gametes formed in antheridium and archegonium.
Sporophyte arises after fusion and forms foot, seta and capsule. Meiosis occurs in capsule and spores are formed.
Stages in mosses
Spore
1• protonema- performs fragmentation
2• protonema- performs budding
Leafy stage- sexual reproduction
Liverworts examples
Marchantia(unisexual) and riccia(bi)
RML
Mosses examples
FPS
Funeria
Polytricum
Sphagnum
Pteridophyte habitat
Moist, damp, humid, shady places and some in sandy soil.
Importance of pteridophyte
Medicinal- selagenella(sajeevani booti)
Ornamental- adiantum, rumoura
(oRnAmental)
Pteridophyte plant body
Main body is sporophytic- have sporangia
But gametophytic stage is primitive- prothallus
Pteridophyte examples
Psilopsida- psilotum
Lycopsida- lycopodium, selagenella(L common)
Sphenopsida- equisetum(E common)
Pteropsida- pteris, dryopteris and adiantum (DAP)
Selagenella features (3)
Microphyll
Strobilus(forms cone i.e cones also +nt)
Shows heterospory(different types of spores for different gametophyte namely megagametophyte and microgametophyte)
Macrophyll seen in
Ferns (except selaginella)
Cone/strobilus seen in
Selagenella and equisetum
Heterospory in
Selagenella and salvinia(S common)
Corolloid root
Association of BGA(gives N2) and cycas root(gymno, gives nutrition)
Gymnosperms reproduction
Have heterosexual cones i.e male and female
Process is very similar to that seen in angiosperms
Precursors of seed habit
Pteridophytes are said to be so because they show zygotes development within female gametophyte.
They do not have seed coat due to the lack of integument.
Gymnosperms examples
Pinus, cedrus, cycas, red wood tree, ginkgo(living fossil)
Haplontic life cycle
In GA mostly
Classy Car SUV
Diplontic life cycle
GADBAD
Gymno
Angio
Diatoms
Brown Algae(fucus, sargassum)—<BSF>
are Diplontic</BSF>
Haplodiplontic life cycle
In bryo, pterido and few algae like:-
LEUKoCytes in Plasma
Laminaria
Ectocarpus
Ulva(BA)
Kelp
Cladophora(BA)
Polysiphonia
