Morphology of Flowering Plants Flashcards
Leaf originate from?
Apical bud, in acropetal fashion
Tap root va fibrous root
Tap root has 1 major root from where other secondary and tertiary roots arise, it’s found in dicots.
Fibrous root first has short lived primary root which degenerates to form many fibers from base of stem in monocots.
Adventitious root
Root arising form any part other than radicle.
Eg:- banyan tree, monstera, some grasses, asparagus(for storage) and sweet potato(storage).
Route modification for food storage
Tap roots like carrot, turnip and adventitious roots like sweet potato and asparagus
Root modification for support
Prop root of banyan, stilt root of sugarcane and maize.
Root modification for respiration
Pneumatophore of rhizophora
Regions of root
Region of maturation(most proximal/closest)
Maximum size, cw complete, has root hair
Region of elongation
Long length, more vacuole
Region of meristematic activity
Continuous division, small cells, dense protoplasm, large nucleus, thin cw, abundant plasmodesmatal connections
Root cap(most distal/distant)
Thimble like for protecting root
Underground stem for food storage
Ginger, potato, turmeric, Colocasia and zaminkand.
Perennation
Atem modification that helps plant to grow for multiple seasons in oxalis.
Stem tendrils
Formed by axillary bud for support
In guards:- cucumber, pumpkin, bottleguard and gravevines.
Thorn
Stem modification
In bougainvillea and citrus
Photosynthetic stem
Opuntia/cactus(flat photosynthetic stem called phylloclade)
Euphorbia(cylindrical stem)
Runner
Stem modification in grass, oxalis and strawberry.(GrOSs)
Stolon
In mint and jasmine
(MJ style)
Offset
In pistia and eichhornia
(Ei!, Piss off)
Sucker
In pineapple, chrysanthemum and banana
(PCB)
Lead venations
Paraller in monocots and reticulate in dicots
Pinnate leaf
Feather like, midrib becomes rachis.
In neem
Palmate leaves
Palm like in cotton, silk
Alternate phyllotaxy
Mustard, sunflower and china rose
(M.Sc. is an alternate option)
Opposite
In calotropis and guava
(C and G are opposite in dna)
Whorled
Alstonia
(Whorl- whArL)
Leaf tendrils
Pea
Leaf spines
Cactus
Modification of leaf for food storage
Onion and garlic
Phyllode vs phylloclade
Phyllode= flatened petiole(part that attaches leaf to mother axis) for photosynthesis in Australian acacia
Phylloclade= flatened stem of cactus for photosynthesis.
Racemose
Acropetal succession- infinite growth
In fabaceae
Cymose
Basipetal succession- limited growth
In liliaceae
Actinomorphic
MCD
Mustard, china rose, dhatura
Zygomorphic
PG College Band
Pea
Gulmohar
Cassia
Bean
Assymetrical
Canna (one eyed person)
Trimerous
In monocots like liliaceae and poaceae(grasses)
Tetramerous
In dicots like brassicaceae(mustard family)
Pentamerous
In dicots like solanaceae and fabaceae
Hypogynous
Superior ovary (G above line)
In MCB
Mustard, china rose, brinjal
Perigynous
Half inferior ovary (G-)
In RPP
Rose, peach and plum
Epigynous
Inferior ovary(G below line)
In CSG
Cucumber, sunflower(ray florets) and guava.
Valvate
No overlapping
Calotropis
(CoNVo)
Twisted
Regular overlapping
In CLC- chinarose, ladyfinger and cotton.
Imbricate
Irregular overlapping
In Gulmohar and Cassia (CGI)
Vaxillary
Aka paplionaceous(pea and bean family)
1 standard, 2 wings and 2 keel in pea and bean.
Epipetalous
Solanaceae(brinjal)
Epitepalous
Liliaceae
Apocarpus
Free carpel
In lotus and rose (LARry)
Syncarpous
Fused carpel
In mustard and tomato (TySM)
Marginal
Pea (MP)
Axile
TLC
Tomato, lemon and chinarose
Parietal
MAP
Mustard and argemone
Replum
False septum present in parietal placentation to divide chamber into 2
Free central
Dianthus, primrose (Free DiP)
Basal
Sunflower and marigold (MBBS)
Drupe
Monocarpellary superior ovary im mango and coconut.
Plumule and radicle covering in monocots
Coleorrhiza- radicle
Coleoptile- plumule
