Plant Growth and Transport Flashcards
Which of the following root tissues gives rise to lateral roots?
a) epidermis
b) pericycle
c) endodermis
d) phloem
e) cortex
b) pericycle
One important difference between the anatomy of roots and the anatomy of leaves is that..
a) a waxy cuticle covers leaves but is absent from roots
b) root cells have cell walls and leaf cells do not
c) leaves have epidermal tissue but roots do not
d) only leaves have phloem and only roots have xylem
e) vascular tissue is found in roots but is absent from leaves
a) a waxy cuticle covers leaves but is absent from roots
Which structure is incorrectly paired with its tissue system?
a) guard cell-dermal tissue
b) tracheid-vascular tissue
c) palisade parenchyma - ground tissue
d) companion cell - ground tissue
e) root hair - dermal tissue
d) companion cell - ground tissue
The ground tissue of plants includes all tissues that are neither dermal nor vascular and companion cell is a vascular tissue. So, the correct answer is “companion cell - ground tissue”
Which of the following structure-function pairs is incorrectly matched?
a) bulbs—underground roots that store food
b) prop roots—support tall, top-heavy trees that grow in unstable soil
c) green roots—important for photosynthesis in some species of aerial plants with few leaves
d) root hairs—increase surface area of roots for water and mineral absorption
e) pneumatophores—air roots that project above water allowing oxygen to enter
a) bulbs—underground roots that store food
Which of the following is incorrectly paired with its structure and function?
a) mesophyll - parenchyma cells functioning in photosynthesis
b) ground meristem - primary meristem that produces the ground tissue system
c) sclerenchyma - supporting cells with thick secondary walls
d) pericycle - ring of cells that forms boundary between the vascular cylinder and cortex
e) periderm - protective coat of woody stems and roots
d) pericycle - rings of cells that forms boundary between the vascular cylinder and cortex
Which of the following cells or tissues arise from lateral meristem activity?
a) leaves
b) cortex
c) secondary xylem
d) tubers
e) trichomes
c) secondary xylem
Phloem transport of sucrose is often described as going from source to sink. Which of the following would not normally function as a sink?
a) growing root
b) growing leaf
c) shoot tip
d) mature leaf
e) storage organ in summer
d) mature leaf
Which of the following is a correct statement about sugar movement in phloem?
a) Diffusion can account for the observed rates of transport
b) Sugar is translocated from sinks to sources
c) Movement can occur both upward and downward in the plant
d) Only phloem with nuclei can perform sugar movement
e) sugar transport does not require energy
c) movement can occur both upward and downward in the plant
Which of the following would likely not contribute to the surface area available for water absorption from the soil by a plant root system?
a) root hairs
b) endodermis
c) fungi associated with the roots
d) fibrous arrangement of the roots
e) mycorrhizae
b) endodermis
Which of the following is not an important component of the long-distance transport process in plants?
a) bulk flow from source to sink
b) the root parenchyma
c) the active transport of solutes
d) the cohesion of water molecules
e) a negative water potential
b) the root parenchyma
Which of the following statements about xylem is incorrect?
a) It typically has a lower water potential than is found in soil
b) No energy input is required for transport
c) The conducting cells are part of the apoplast
d) It transport mainly sugars and amino acids
e) It conducts material from root tips to leaves
c) It transports mainly sugars and amino acids.
Xylem together with floem is a plant tissue involved in the transport of substances through the plant. Xylem’s role is to transport water (sometimes and nutrients) from roots to stems and leaves and to provide support to the plant.
Arrange the following five events in an order that explains the mass flow of materials in the phloem.
1. Water diffuses into the sieve tubes.
2. Leaf cells produce sugar by photosynthesis.
3. Solutes are actively transported into sieve tubes.
4. Sugar is transported from cell to cell in the leaf.
5. Sugar moves down the stem.
a) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
b) 2, 1, 4, 3, 5
c) 2, 4, 3, 1, 5
d) 2, 4, 1, 3, 5
e) 4, 2, 1, 3, 5
c) 2, 4, 3, 1, 5
Ignoring all other factors, what kind of day would result in the fastest delivery of water and minerals to the leaves of a tree?
a) cool, humid day
b) warm, humid day
c) warm, dry day
d) cool, dry day
e) very hot, dry, windy day
c) warm, dry day
Assuming that they all belong to the same plant, arrange the following structures from largest to smallest (or from most inclusive to least inclusive).
1. spores
2. sporophylls
3. sporophytes
4. sporangia
3, 2, 4, 1
A botanist discovers a new species of plant in a tropical rain forest. After observing its anatomy and life cycle, he notes the following characteristics: flagellated sperm, xylem with tracheids, separate gametophyte and sporophyte generations with the sporophyte dominant, and no seeds. This plant is probably most closely related to
a) charophytes
b) flowering plants
c) gymnosperms
d) ferns
e) mosses
d) ferns
