Plant Gametogenesis Flashcards
the fusion of two cells, or of their nuclei, in reproduction
Syngamy
became the first gametophyte to have a fully described transcriptome in plants
Pollen
primary determinant of cell fate in plants
Positional information
a genetic phenomenon where a single gene influences multiple traits
Pleiotrophy
Out-crossing is ensured by self incompatibility mechanisms, which evolved under precise genetic control controlling self-recognition and cell-to-cell interaction
dominant group of land plants today
Angiosperms
life cycle of higher plants
- seed germination
- vegetative growth
- flowering, fertilization
- development of embryo
- seed maturation
Induction of flowering is triggered by environmental cues such as light, temperature and nutrient access, in combination with endogenous signals (e.g. the plant hormone gibberellin and circadian oscillators),
specify floral identity and the shoot apical meristem is transformed into an inflorescence.
meristem identity genes
male stamens, collectively named the ______, and the female carpels, making up the _______, or the pistil, located in the innermost whorl
androecium; gynoecium
Mature pollen grains may be considered as a “cell within a cell”
where pollen development takes place
anther
which provides support, nutrient transport and positions anthers to facilitate pollen dispersal
filament
are derived from periclinal divisions of the L2 layer of the shoot apical meristem
Stamens
The male gametogenesis starts from L2 cells of the shoot apical meristem, that divide to form _______
a primary parietal cell (PPC) and the primary sporogeneous cells (PSC).
The PPC later form several concentric layers on the anther wall, which differentiate into the _____________
endothecium
middle
tapetum
has roles in the nourishment of microspores, formation of exine and deposition of tryphine on the pollen wall
Tapetum
function as a sieve for large molecules whose influence could impair the commitment to an haploid genomic expression
callosic wall
Moves the sperm from testicle to epididymis
Rete testis
Residual spermatogonia is reserved for seasonal breeding
Chains of spermatogonia cells that form in the germinal epithelium after spermatogonial mitosis begins
Spermatogonia columns
