plant form and physiology Flashcards
what are the general types of plants?
-non-vascular plants are those without a vascular system(no xylem or phloem)
-vascular plants are land plants with lignified tissues the xylem and non-lignified tissues phloem
what are the xylem and phloem?
-the xylem conducts water and minerals throughout the plant
-the phloem conducts products of photosynthesis
what are angiosperms and why concentrate on them ?
-they are flowering vascular plants and they provide food and fiber
what is the cotyledon?
the seed leaf of an angiosperm
what is the job of the root system?
it supports the plant and absorbs water and minerals
what is the job of the shoot system?
the leaves and stems and they are involved in photosynthesis
what are meristems?
the plant’s tissue and they generate new cells for primary and secondary growth
what is the apical meristem?
shoot and root tips responsible for primary growth and increase in length
what is the lateral meristem?
vascular cambium (xylem-wood and phloem) and cork-bark cambium.
responsible for increase in thickness
what is the function of the stem?
provides support for leaves, buds, and flowers.
how do monocots and dicots differ in arrangement?
dicot is uniformly distributed and monocot is randomly distributed
what are some examples of specialized leaves?
-reproductive
-onion (storage)
-spines
-tendrils
-fly trap
what are the stoma and guard cells?
-stoma is the mouth, where gas exchange (CO2 in and O2 out) and water is lost
-guard cells open and close the stoma
what are main types of roots?
-tap root system such as beetroot and carrots
-fibrous root system
what is the root cap?
-protects the apical meristem and continuously replaced as it is torn away
what are root hairs?
they increase surface area to facilitate water and mineral absorption
what is the area of maturation?
differentiation into specialized cells, zone of differentiation
what is the area of elongation?
cells increasing in length, zone of elongation
what is the area of cell division?
active mitotic cell division, zone of cell division
what gives rise to lateral roots?
the pericycle
what is transpiration?
the exhalation of water vapor through the stomata.
what is cohesion of water?
hydrogen bonds hold water molecules together forming a chain
what is root pressure?
no transpiration at night, but roots are still active bringing in minerals into the xylem by active transport which causes water to enter
how does the transportation of photosynthates (sugars) in phloem?
-the movement is called translocation
-the points of delivery are called sinks
-movement is mainly in the down direction
what are some characteristics of the stoma?
-the stoma open in day and closes at night
-light, CO2 depletion and biological clock open stoma
where does maple syrup come from?
the xylem
what is primary growth?
occurs at tips of stems and roots, rapid cell division in the apical meristem
what is secondary growth?
increases a plants thickness, the lateral meristem - vascular cambium and the cork cambium
