plant form and physiology

Question 1

what are the general types of plants?

Answer 1

-non-vascular plants are those without a vascular system(no xylem or phloem)
-vascular plants are land plants with lignified tissues the xylem and non-lignified tissues phloem

Question 2

what are the xylem and phloem?

Answer 2

-the xylem conducts water and minerals throughout the plant
-the phloem conducts products of photosynthesis

Question 3

what are angiosperms and why concentrate on them ?

Answer 3

-they are flowering vascular plants and they provide food and fiber

Question 4

what is the cotyledon?

Answer 4

the seed leaf of an angiosperm

Question 5

what is the job of the root system?

Answer 5

it supports the plant and absorbs water and minerals

Question 6

what is the job of the shoot system?

Answer 6

the leaves and stems and they are involved in photosynthesis

Question 7

what are meristems?

Answer 7

the plant’s tissue and they generate new cells for primary and secondary growth

Question 8

what is the apical meristem?

Answer 8

shoot and root tips responsible for primary growth and increase in length

Question 9

what is the lateral meristem?

Answer 9

vascular cambium (xylem-wood and phloem) and cork-bark cambium.
responsible for increase in thickness

Question 10

what is the function of the stem?

Answer 10

provides support for leaves, buds, and flowers.

Question 11

how do monocots and dicots differ in arrangement?

Answer 11

dicot is uniformly distributed and monocot is randomly distributed

Question 12

what are some examples of specialized leaves?

Answer 12

-reproductive
-onion (storage)
-spines
-tendrils
-fly trap

Question 13

what are the stoma and guard cells?

Answer 13

-stoma is the mouth, where gas exchange (CO2 in and O2 out) and water is lost
-guard cells open and close the stoma

Question 14

what are main types of roots?

Answer 14

-tap root system such as beetroot and carrots
-fibrous root system

Question 15

what is the root cap?

Answer 15

-protects the apical meristem and continuously replaced as it is torn away

Question 16

what are root hairs?

Answer 16

they increase surface area to facilitate water and mineral absorption

Question 17

what is the area of maturation?

Answer 17

differentiation into specialized cells, zone of differentiation

Question 18

what is the area of elongation?

Answer 18

cells increasing in length, zone of elongation

Question 19

what is the area of cell division?

Answer 19

active mitotic cell division, zone of cell division

Question 20

what gives rise to lateral roots?

Answer 20

the pericycle

Question 21

what is transpiration?

Answer 21

the exhalation of water vapor through the stomata.

Question 22

what is cohesion of water?

Answer 22

hydrogen bonds hold water molecules together forming a chain

Question 22

what is root pressure?

Answer 22

no transpiration at night, but roots are still active bringing in minerals into the xylem by active transport which causes water to enter

Question 23

how does the transportation of photosynthates (sugars) in phloem?

Answer 23

-the movement is called translocation
-the points of delivery are called sinks
-movement is mainly in the down direction

Question 23

what are some characteristics of the stoma?

Answer 23

-the stoma open in day and closes at night
-light, CO2 depletion and biological clock open stoma

Question 24

where does maple syrup come from?

Answer 24

the xylem

Question 25

what is primary growth?

Answer 25

occurs at tips of stems and roots, rapid cell division in the apical meristem

Question 26

what is secondary growth?

Answer 26

increases a plants thickness, the lateral meristem - vascular cambium and the cork cambium