Plant Diversity I Flashcards
What kind of plants are the Bryophytes?
Non-Vascular Plants. First group thought to have colonized the land
What are the THREE Bryophyte phylums?
- Phylum Bry-O-Phyta
- Phylum Hepa-to-Phyta
- Phylum Antho-cer-o-Phyta
What is an example of the Bryophyte phylum Bryophyta?
True Mosses
What is an example of the Bryophyte phylum Hepatophyta?
Liverworts
What is an example of the Bryophyte phylum Anthocerophyta?
Hornworts
What is one thing that Seedless and Seed plants have in common?
They are Vascular Plants
What TWO phylums are in the Seedless plants?
- Phylum Lyc-O-phyta
2. Phylum Monil-o-phyta
What is an example of Phylum Lycophyta of the seedless plants?
Club Moses
What is an example of the Phylum Monilophyta of the seedles plants?
Ferns, horsetail, whisk ferns
What are the TWO types of Seed Plants?
- Gymnosperms
2. Anginosperm
What are the FOUR phylums of the Gymnosperm seed plants?
- Phylum Coni-fero-phyta
- Phylum Cyca-do-phyta
- Phylum Gink-go-phyta
- Phylum Gnet-o-phyta
What is an example of the Gymnosperm seed plant phylum Coniferophyta?
Conifers
What is an example of the Gymnosperm seed plant phylum Cycadophyta?
Cycads
What is an example of the Gymnosperm seed plant phylum Ginkgophyta?
Ginkgo
What is an example of the Gymnospern Seed plant Phylum Gnetophyta?
Mormon tea
What only phylum is under the Angiosperms?
Phylum Anth-o-phyta
What is an example of Angiosperm Seed Plant Phylum Anthophyta?
Flowering plants
What characteristics do Land plants AND Charophytes share?
- Structure of flagellated sperm
- the formation of the cell plate in mitosis
3 gene sequences in the nuclear and chloroplast DNA
True or False: Land plants are thought to be most similar to multicellular green algae Chara?
True
What challenges did ancestral plants faced?
New and extreme challenges in their physical environmet.
Ex: Temperature, moisture, gravitational forces and substrates
What kind of bodies do land plants generally have?
Complex, multicellular bodies
Land plants in the Kingdom Plantae have similar 1._____ of 2._______ life cycles.
- Alternation
2. Generation
Plant body is often covered with a 1. _______ that prevents 2. _______
- Waxy cuticle
2. Desiccation
What are Stomata and what do they do?
They are tiny opening in plants found in the outer layer.
They allow plants gas exchange in plants.
Are bryophytes vascular or nonvascular?
Bryophytes are nonvascular
True or False: ALL land plants havea common sexual reproductive life cycle called Alternation of Generation?
TRUE
What is Alternation of Generation?
Its a sexual life cycle which plants Alternate between a haploid (n) gametophyte generation and a diploid (2n) sporophyte generation.
Do the two generations change the plants completely?
No, in living plants the two generations differ in Morphology, but they are still the same species.
What happens in the alternation of generations life cycle first?
- Diploid (2n) Sporophyte undegoes MEIOSIS, produces Haploid (n) Spores
Where are the haploid spores produced? i
They are produced in a protective, nonreproductive jacket of cell called SPORANGIUM(2n)
What is the second step in the alternation of generations life cycle?
The Spores divide by MITOSIS and germinate to produce Haploid (n) gametophyte
What is the Third step in the alternation of generation life cycle?
The Gametophyte produces Gametes(n)
Where are the gametes produced?
Inside a jacket of nonreproductice cells, forming gametangia
What is the Fourth step in the alternation of generation life cycle?
Eggs are produced by MITOSIS in Archegonia
Sperm are produced in Antheridia
What is the Fifth step in the alternation of generation life cycle?
Gametes FUSE(fertilization) entrance of sperm into archegonium. A Diploid(2n) zygote in formed. ( forming the first stage of the next diploid sporophyte generation)
What Generation is the Gametophyte and what does it contain?
The Gametophyte is the Haploid generation.
It contains the sexual organs that produce the egg & sperm (Gametes)
What generation is the Sporophyte and what does it produce?
The Sporophyte is the Diploid generation.
It undergoes MEIOSIS to produce haploid SPORES
Where are Spores produces and how do they develop?
Spores are produced in the Sporangium on the Sporophyte. THey develop by meiosis in sporangium at the end of sporophyte
What is the ancestral group of the land plants?
Charophytes from Protists Green Algae
Are the Non-Vascular Bryophytes Sporophyte Dominant or Gametophyt dominant?
Gametophyte dominant. (Sporophyte depends on the Gametophyte)
What cells do Vascular plants have to help them with nutrition and water?
- Xylem- Water conducting cells (go up)
2. Phloem- Sugar producing cells (go down)
What are Sori?
Sori are the brown things under a fern sporangia leaf
Are Monilophita(ferns) homospours or heterosporous?
they are homosporous (common to mosses and ferns)
What is homosporous?
spores of one kind only that are not differentiated by sex. Gametophyte is bisexual
What is heterosporous?
producing two different kinds of spores. Male microspore and female Megaspore
Are microspores and megaspores produced by mitosis or meiosis?
They are produced by mitosis
Will megaspores devide to form the female gametophyte or the sporophyte?
Megaspores divide by mitosis to produce the female gametophyte.
Do the Liverworts from the Bryophytes reproduce asexually and sexually?
yes,
- Asexually by Gammae cups (green disk splash out when it rains producing genetically identical liverworts)
- Sexually by Gametophytes; Female archegonium, Male antheridium
Bryophyte Phylum Hepatophyta: 3 characteristics
- Small, relatively Flat plants
- Restricted to very MOIST habitats
- contains pores along thallus that are always open and allow gas exchange
Bryophyte phylum Hepatophyta: What is their body name and what are they anchored to?
Plant body is the Thallus and they are anchored by Rhizoids
In Monilophyta, Whisk ferns have what kind of branching?
Dichomotous branched (repeated Y branches)
In Monilophyta, Whisk ferns, how do photosynthetic stems reproduce?
They reproduce sexually by aerial spores.
