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Plant Diversity I > Plant Diversity I > Flashcards

Plant Diversity I Flashcards

1
Q

What kind of plants are the Bryophytes?

A

Non-Vascular Plants. First group thought to have colonized the land

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2
Q

What are the THREE Bryophyte phylums?

A
  1. Phylum Bry-O-Phyta
  2. Phylum Hepa-to-Phyta
  3. Phylum Antho-cer-o-Phyta
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3
Q

What is an example of the Bryophyte phylum Bryophyta?

A

True Mosses

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4
Q

What is an example of the Bryophyte phylum Hepatophyta?

A

Liverworts

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5
Q

What is an example of the Bryophyte phylum Anthocerophyta?

A

Hornworts

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6
Q

What is one thing that Seedless and Seed plants have in common?

A

They are Vascular Plants

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7
Q

What TWO phylums are in the Seedless plants?

A
  1. Phylum Lyc-O-phyta

2. Phylum Monil-o-phyta

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8
Q

What is an example of Phylum Lycophyta of the seedless plants?

A

Club Moses

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9
Q

What is an example of the Phylum Monilophyta of the seedles plants?

A

Ferns, horsetail, whisk ferns

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10
Q

What are the TWO types of Seed Plants?

A
  1. Gymnosperms

2. Anginosperm

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11
Q

What are the FOUR phylums of the Gymnosperm seed plants?

A
  1. Phylum Coni-fero-phyta
  2. Phylum Cyca-do-phyta
  3. Phylum Gink-go-phyta
  4. Phylum Gnet-o-phyta
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12
Q

What is an example of the Gymnosperm seed plant phylum Coniferophyta?

A

Conifers

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13
Q

What is an example of the Gymnosperm seed plant phylum Cycadophyta?

A

Cycads

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14
Q

What is an example of the Gymnosperm seed plant phylum Ginkgophyta?

A

Ginkgo

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15
Q

What is an example of the Gymnospern Seed plant Phylum Gnetophyta?

A

Mormon tea

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16
Q

What only phylum is under the Angiosperms?

A

Phylum Anth-o-phyta

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17
Q

What is an example of Angiosperm Seed Plant Phylum Anthophyta?

A

Flowering plants

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18
Q

What characteristics do Land plants AND Charophytes share?

A
  1. Structure of flagellated sperm
  2. the formation of the cell plate in mitosis
    3 gene sequences in the nuclear and chloroplast DNA
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19
Q

True or False: Land plants are thought to be most similar to multicellular green algae Chara?

A

True

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20
Q

What challenges did ancestral plants faced?

A

New and extreme challenges in their physical environmet.

Ex: Temperature, moisture, gravitational forces and substrates

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21
Q

What kind of bodies do land plants generally have?

A

Complex, multicellular bodies

22
Q

Land plants in the Kingdom Plantae have similar 1._____ of 2._______ life cycles.

A
  1. Alternation

2. Generation

23
Q

Plant body is often covered with a 1. _______ that prevents 2. _______

A
  1. Waxy cuticle

2. Desiccation

24
Q

What are Stomata and what do they do?

A

They are tiny opening in plants found in the outer layer.

They allow plants gas exchange in plants.

25
Q

Are bryophytes vascular or nonvascular?

A

Bryophytes are nonvascular

26
Q

True or False: ALL land plants havea common sexual reproductive life cycle called Alternation of Generation?

A

TRUE

27
Q

What is Alternation of Generation?

A

Its a sexual life cycle which plants Alternate between a haploid (n) gametophyte generation and a diploid (2n) sporophyte generation.

28
Q

Do the two generations change the plants completely?

A

No, in living plants the two generations differ in Morphology, but they are still the same species.

29
Q

What happens in the alternation of generations life cycle first?

A
  1. Diploid (2n) Sporophyte undegoes MEIOSIS, produces Haploid (n) Spores
30
Q

Where are the haploid spores produced? i

A

They are produced in a protective, nonreproductive jacket of cell called SPORANGIUM(2n)

31
Q

What is the second step in the alternation of generations life cycle?

A

The Spores divide by MITOSIS and germinate to produce Haploid (n) gametophyte

32
Q

What is the Third step in the alternation of generation life cycle?

A

The Gametophyte produces Gametes(n)

33
Q

Where are the gametes produced?

A

Inside a jacket of nonreproductice cells, forming gametangia

34
Q

What is the Fourth step in the alternation of generation life cycle?

A

Eggs are produced by MITOSIS in Archegonia

Sperm are produced in Antheridia

35
Q

What is the Fifth step in the alternation of generation life cycle?

A

Gametes FUSE(fertilization) entrance of sperm into archegonium. A Diploid(2n) zygote in formed. ( forming the first stage of the next diploid sporophyte generation)

36
Q

What Generation is the Gametophyte and what does it contain?

A

The Gametophyte is the Haploid generation.

It contains the sexual organs that produce the egg & sperm (Gametes)

37
Q

What generation is the Sporophyte and what does it produce?

A

The Sporophyte is the Diploid generation.

It undergoes MEIOSIS to produce haploid SPORES

38
Q

Where are Spores produces and how do they develop?

A

Spores are produced in the Sporangium on the Sporophyte. THey develop by meiosis in sporangium at the end of sporophyte

39
Q

What is the ancestral group of the land plants?

A

Charophytes from Protists Green Algae

40
Q

Are the Non-Vascular Bryophytes Sporophyte Dominant or Gametophyt dominant?

A

Gametophyte dominant. (Sporophyte depends on the Gametophyte)

41
Q

What cells do Vascular plants have to help them with nutrition and water?

A
  1. Xylem- Water conducting cells (go up)

2. Phloem- Sugar producing cells (go down)

42
Q

What are Sori?

A

Sori are the brown things under a fern sporangia leaf

43
Q

Are Monilophita(ferns) homospours or heterosporous?

A

they are homosporous (common to mosses and ferns)

44
Q

What is homosporous?

A

spores of one kind only that are not differentiated by sex. Gametophyte is bisexual

45
Q

What is heterosporous?

A

producing two different kinds of spores. Male microspore and female Megaspore

46
Q

Are microspores and megaspores produced by mitosis or meiosis?

A

They are produced by mitosis

47
Q

Will megaspores devide to form the female gametophyte or the sporophyte?

A

Megaspores divide by mitosis to produce the female gametophyte.

48
Q

Do the Liverworts from the Bryophytes reproduce asexually and sexually?

A

yes,

  1. Asexually by Gammae cups (green disk splash out when it rains producing genetically identical liverworts)
  2. Sexually by Gametophytes; Female archegonium, Male antheridium
49
Q

Bryophyte Phylum Hepatophyta: 3 characteristics

A
  1. Small, relatively Flat plants
  2. Restricted to very MOIST habitats
  3. contains pores along thallus that are always open and allow gas exchange
50
Q

Bryophyte phylum Hepatophyta: What is their body name and what are they anchored to?

A

Plant body is the Thallus and they are anchored by Rhizoids

51
Q

In Monilophyta, Whisk ferns have what kind of branching?

A

Dichomotous branched (repeated Y branches)

52
Q

In Monilophyta, Whisk ferns, how do photosynthetic stems reproduce?

A

They reproduce sexually by aerial spores.

Plant Diversity I (2 decks)

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