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BIOL 1030 PLAN DIVERSITY > plant diversity > Flashcards

plant diversity Flashcards

1
Q

Green algae are also called

A

charophytes

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2
Q

what are the characteristics that make green algae closest relatives to plants

A

rings of cellulose
structure of flagellated sperm
formation of phragmoplast

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3
Q

a cell structure that forms late in cytokinesis only in plants and certain charophytes

A

phragmoplast

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4
Q

what structure help in the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide

A

stomata

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5
Q

evaporation of water takes place where

A

stomata

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6
Q

what are the two generations plants have

A

gametophyte and sporophyte

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7
Q

mosses are in what phyla

A

bryophyta

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8
Q

hepatophyta are

A

liverworts

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9
Q

non vascular plants

A

bryophytes, hepatophytes and anthcerophytes

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10
Q

hornworts are

A

anthocerophytes

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11
Q

club mosses are in what phylum

A

lycophyta

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12
Q

ferns are in what phyla

A

monilophyta

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13
Q

phylum lycophyta and phylum monilophyta are considered

A

seedless vascular plants

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14
Q

examples of non-vascular plants

A

bryophytes, anthocerophytes and hepatophytes

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15
Q

conifers are in what phylum

A

coniferophyta

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16
Q

flowering plants are in what phyla

A

anthophyta

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17
Q

conifers and flowering plants are considered

A

vascular plants

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18
Q

which phylum produces fruit

A

phylum anthophyta

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19
Q

which phyla produces seeds

A

phylum coniferophyta and phylum anthophyta

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20
Q

what is a gametophyte

A

a multicellular form that produces haploid gametes by mitosis

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21
Q

a male gametangium

A

antheridia

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22
Q

a female gametangium

A

archegonia

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23
Q

haploid gametes fertilize to create

A

diploid zygote

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24
Q

the diploid zygote undergoes — to create a diploid sporophyte

A

mitosis

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25
Q

meiosis in a mature sporophyte creates

A

a unicellular haploid spore

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26
Q

spores develop into

A

multicellular haploid gametophytes by mitosis

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27
Q

sporophyte

A

a multicellular diploid form that results from the union of gametes

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28
Q

sporocytes

A

diploid cells that produce haploid spores

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29
Q

sporangia

A

a multicellular organ where haploid spores are produced

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30
Q

non-vascular plants are the earliest

A

embryophytes

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31
Q

eggs are produced

A

in the archegonia

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32
Q

sperm is produced

A

in the antheridia

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33
Q

fertilization occurs where

A

in the archegonium

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34
Q

cells walls of spores contain what

A

sporopollenin

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35
Q

instead of roots, stems or leaves what do non vascular plants have

A

rhizoid

36
Q

in non vascular plants the dominant generation is

A

gametophyte

37
Q

the gametophyte is usually

A

leafy, photosynthetic

38
Q

the sporophyte is usually

A

non-leafy, non-photosynthetic

39
Q

homospory

A

seedless plants that produce spores that are physically identical

40
Q

homosporous spores may germinate into

A

monoecious or diecious gametophytes

41
Q

heterosporous

A

seed plants may produce different sized spores

42
Q

heterospory plants always produce

A

diecious gametophytes

43
Q

megaspores always develop into

A

female gametophytes

44
Q

microspores always develop into

A

male gametophytes

45
Q

non vascular plants are always

A

homosporous

46
Q

seed plants are always

A

heterosporous

47
Q

monilophytes are

A

homosporous

48
Q

lycophytes are

A

heterosporous

49
Q

an example of a male gametophyte

A

a pollen grain

50
Q

what is an endosperm

A

an energy source that is absorbed by the seed leaves(cotyledons)

51
Q

what is contained in the endosperm

A

starch, proteins

52
Q

what are the reproductive organs of plants

A

flowers

53
Q

the stamen contain the

A

Anther and filament

54
Q

the carpel contain the

A

Style, stigma and ovary

55
Q

what generation is dominated in ferns

A

sporophytes

56
Q

what generation is dominated in mosses

A

gametophytes

57
Q

seed plants are divided into

A

gymnosperms and angiosperms

58
Q

an example of a gymnosperm

A

conifers

59
Q

an example of an angiosperm

A

flowering plants

60
Q

what vascular organ carries water and minerals

A

xylem

61
Q

what vascular organ carries sugar, amino acids

A

phloem

62
Q

microphylls

A

leaves with a single vein

63
Q

megaphylls

A

leaves with multiple veins

64
Q

Plants evolved from

A

Green algae

65
Q

Cyanobacteria existed on land for how long

A

1.2 billion years

66
Q

When did small plants, fungi and animal emerge on land

A

700 million years later

67
Q

Why did plants start to get taller

A

To compete for light

68
Q

An example of a photosynthetic protist that is not considered a land plant is what

A

Algae

69
Q

Phragmoplast gives rise to what

A

Cell plate

70
Q

What were the challenges plants faced in terrestrial habitats

A

Scarcity of water
Lack of structural support against gravity

71
Q

A durable polymer prevents exposed Charophyte zygotes from drying out

A

Sporopollenin

72
Q

What are the five key traits that appear in land plants but absent in charophytes

A

Alternation of generation
Multicellular, dependent embryos
Walled spores produce sporangia
Multicellular gametangia
Apical meristems

73
Q

Nutrients are transferred from parent to embryo through

A

Placental transfer cells

74
Q

Land plants are called embryophytes because

A

Of the dependency of the embryo on the parent

75
Q

What substance in the cell wall helps plants withstand the forces of gravity

A

Lignin

76
Q

A thread chain of cells that forms the earliest stages of development of the gametophyte in mosses

A

Protonema

77
Q

Is thallus gametophyte or sporophyte

A

The gametophyte generation consists of haploid thallus

78
Q

Are non vascular plants paraphyletic or monophyletic

A

Paraphyletic

79
Q

Seedless vascular plants are monophyletic or paraphyletic

A

Paraphyletic

80
Q

Land plants are monophyletic or paraphyletic

A

Monophyletic

81
Q

The spore in monilophyta develops into what kind of gametophyte

A

Bisexual photosynthetic gametophyte

82
Q

Tracheids are found in

A

Xylem

83
Q

Xylem has —— tube shaped cells called tracheids

A

Dead tube shaped cells

84
Q

Phloem consists of —- arranged in tubes

A

Living cells arranged in tubes

85
Q

Roots may have evolved from

A

Subterranean stems

86
Q

Function of a tracheid

A

To transport water and inorganic materials and help support trees

BIOL 1030 PLAN DIVERSITY (3 decks)

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