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BIOL 1030 PLAN DIVERSITY > plant diversity > Flashcards

plant diversity Flashcards

1
Q

Green algae are also called

A

charophytes

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2
Q

what are the characteristics that make green algae closest relatives to plants

A

rings of cellulose
structure of flagellated sperm
formation of phragmoplast

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3
Q

a cell structure that forms late in cytokinesis only in plants and certain charophytes

A

phragmoplast

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4
Q

what structure help in the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide

A

stomata

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5
Q

evaporation of water takes place where

A

stomata

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6
Q

what are the two generations plants have

A

gametophyte and sporophyte

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7
Q

mosses are in what phyla

A

bryophyta

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8
Q

hepatophyta are

A

liverworts

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9
Q

non vascular plants

A

bryophytes, hepatophytes and anthcerophytes

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10
Q

hornworts are

A

anthocerophytes

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11
Q

club mosses are in what phylum

A

lycophyta

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12
Q

ferns are in what phyla

A

monilophyta

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13
Q

phylum lycophyta and phylum monilophyta are considered

A

seedless vascular plants

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14
Q

examples of non-vascular plants

A

bryophytes, anthocerophytes and hepatophytes

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15
Q

conifers are in what phylum

A

coniferophyta

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16
Q

flowering plants are in what phyla

A

anthophyta

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17
Q

conifers and flowering plants are considered

A

vascular plants

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18
Q

which phylum produces fruit

A

phylum anthophyta

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19
Q

which phyla produces seeds

A

phylum coniferophyta and phylum anthophyta

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20
Q

what is a gametophyte

A

a multicellular form that produces haploid gametes by mitosis

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21
Q

a male gametangium

A

antheridia

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22
Q

a female gametangium

A

archegonia

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23
Q

haploid gametes fertilize to create

A

diploid zygote

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24
Q

the diploid zygote undergoes — to create a diploid sporophyte

A

mitosis

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25
meiosis in a mature sporophyte creates
a unicellular haploid spore
26
spores develop into
multicellular haploid gametophytes by mitosis
27
sporophyte
a multicellular diploid form that results from the union of gametes
28
sporocytes
diploid cells that produce haploid spores
29
sporangia
a multicellular organ where haploid spores are produced
30
non-vascular plants are the earliest
embryophytes
31
eggs are produced
in the archegonia
32
sperm is produced
in the antheridia
33
fertilization occurs where
in the archegonium
34
cells walls of spores contain what
sporopollenin
35
instead of roots, stems or leaves what do non vascular plants have
rhizoid
36
in non vascular plants the dominant generation is
gametophyte
37
the gametophyte is usually
leafy, photosynthetic
38
the sporophyte is usually
non-leafy, non-photosynthetic
39
homospory
seedless plants that produce spores that are physically identical
40
homosporous spores may germinate into
monoecious or diecious gametophytes
41
heterosporous
seed plants may produce different sized spores
42
heterospory plants always produce
diecious gametophytes
43
megaspores always develop into
female gametophytes
44
microspores always develop into
male gametophytes
45
non vascular plants are always
homosporous
46
seed plants are always
heterosporous
47
monilophytes are
homosporous
48
lycophytes are
heterosporous
49
an example of a male gametophyte
a pollen grain
50
what is an endosperm
an energy source that is absorbed by the seed leaves(cotyledons)
51
what is contained in the endosperm
starch, proteins
52
what are the reproductive organs of plants
flowers
53
the stamen contain the
Anther and filament
54
the carpel contain the
Style, stigma and ovary
55
what generation is dominated in ferns
sporophytes
56
what generation is dominated in mosses
gametophytes
57
seed plants are divided into
gymnosperms and angiosperms
58
an example of a gymnosperm
conifers
59
an example of an angiosperm
flowering plants
60
what vascular organ carries water and minerals
xylem
61
what vascular organ carries sugar, amino acids
phloem
62
microphylls
leaves with a single vein
63
megaphylls
leaves with multiple veins
64
Plants evolved from
Green algae
65
Cyanobacteria existed on land for how long
1.2 billion years
66
When did small plants, fungi and animal emerge on land
700 million years later
67
Why did plants start to get taller
To compete for light
68
An example of a photosynthetic protist that is not considered a land plant is what
Algae
69
Phragmoplast gives rise to what
Cell plate
70
What were the challenges plants faced in terrestrial habitats
Scarcity of water Lack of structural support against gravity
71
A durable polymer prevents exposed Charophyte zygotes from drying out
Sporopollenin
72
What are the five key traits that appear in land plants but absent in charophytes
Alternation of generation Multicellular, dependent embryos Walled spores produce sporangia Multicellular gametangia Apical meristems
73
Nutrients are transferred from parent to embryo through
Placental transfer cells
74
Land plants are called embryophytes because
Of the dependency of the embryo on the parent
75
What substance in the cell wall helps plants withstand the forces of gravity
Lignin
76
A thread chain of cells that forms the earliest stages of development of the gametophyte in mosses
Protonema
77
Is thallus gametophyte or sporophyte
The gametophyte generation consists of haploid thallus
78
Are non vascular plants paraphyletic or monophyletic
Paraphyletic
79
Seedless vascular plants are monophyletic or paraphyletic
Paraphyletic
80
Land plants are monophyletic or paraphyletic
Monophyletic
81
The spore in monilophyta develops into what kind of gametophyte
Bisexual photosynthetic gametophyte
82
Tracheids are found in
Xylem
83
Xylem has —— tube shaped cells called tracheids
Dead tube shaped cells
84
Phloem consists of —- arranged in tubes
Living cells arranged in tubes
85
Roots may have evolved from
Subterranean stems
86
Function of a tracheid
To transport water and inorganic materials and help support trees

BIOL 1030 PLAN DIVERSITY (3 decks)

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