PLANT CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTIONS Flashcards
All cells, either prokaryotic or eukaryotic, are
made of a substance called
PROTOPLASM
The protoplasm of a single cell is called
protoplast.
It carries out all the procedures essential for life.
PROTOPLASM
FUNCTION OF PROTOPLASM
It produces nutrients and oxygen, transform food
into living matter, ejects used substances, renews
its worn parts, and itself produces new cells
is the membrane that completely covers the
surface of the protoplasm.
PLASMA MEMBRANE
Impermeable to harmful materials and
permeable to beneficial ones; therefore it is
selectively permeable.
PLASMA MEMBRANE
serves as an archive, or permanent
storage place, for the organism’s
genetic information
NUCLEUS
NUCLEUS COMPONENT:
- Nuclear envelope
- Nuclear pores
- Nucleoplasm
- Nucleoli
The nucleus of a eukaryotic cell is always
surrounded by a
nuclear envelope
The nucleus of a eukaryotic cell is always
surrounded by a nuclear envelope composed
of an
outer membrane and an inner
membrane.
separates nuclear
material from the rest of the cell
NUCLEAR ENVELOPE
The nuclear envelope separates nuclear
material from the rest of the cell, and it
contains numerous small holes,
NUCLEAR PORES
involved in the transport of material between
the nucleus and the rest of the protoplasm.
NUCLEAR PORES
COMPONENT OF NUCLEOPLASM:
(1) DNA
(2) enzymes and other factors necessary to maintain,
repair, and read DNA
(3) histone proteins that support and interact with
DNA;
(4) several types of RNA
(5) water and numerous other substances that are
necessary for nuclear metabolism.
Inside every nucleus is one, two, or rarely
several bodies called
NUCLEOLI
the components of ribosomes are synthesized
and partially assembled.
NUCLEOLI
cell’s protein-producing structures
NUCLEOLI
They store mostly water and salts that cannot
be preserved for microscopy;
VACUOLE
Sometimes contain visible crystals, starch,
protein bodies, and various types of granules
or fibrous materials in addition to water and
salts.
VACUOLE
VACUOLE FUNCTION:
storage of both nutrient reserves and waste products
It is the semi-fluid substance of a cell that is present
within the cellular membrane and surrounds the
nuclear membrane.
CYTOPLASM
The nonnuclear content of the protoplasm
CYTOPLASM
All the
cellular contents in a prokaryote organisms are
contained within cell’s
CYTOPLASM
In ________ organisms, the nucleus of the cell is
separated from the cytoplasm.
eukaryote
- It provides mechanical support to the internal structures.
- It is the medium for suspension for the internal organelles of
the cell. - It maintains the shape and consistency of the cell.
- It also stores many chemicals that are vital for life.
- Important metabolic reactions like the glycolysis and
synthesis of proteins takes place in the cytoplasm.
CYTOPLASM
takes place where there is movements of the cytoplasm
around the vacuoles.
cytoplasmic streaming
is a rod-shaped organelle that is functions as the
cells’ power generator that converts oxygen and
nutrients into adenosine triphosphate or ATP.
MITOCHONDRION
is a molecule that can be easily used by the
plants as a source of chemical energy.
ATP
Main sources of energy for each cell
MITOCHONDRION
The process for converting raw nutrient materials
into usable energy is known as
cellular respiration
- large sheets of folding that provides room for large
numbers of enzymes.
Cristae
It gives shape and a little rigidity to the mitochondrion
it is rather freely permeable
Outer mitochondrial membrane
forms the cristae, and is selectively permeable and has
numerous pumps and channels.
Inner mitochondrial membrane
are group of dynamic organelles able to perform many functions.
PLASTIDS
PLASTIDS
TYPES:
- Proplastids
- Chloropasts
- Amyloplasts
- Chromoplasts
- Leucoplasts
- Etioplasts
small and undifferentiated plastids, are plastids of
young, rapidly dividing cells.
Proplastids
it is green owing to the presence of the
photosynthetic pigment chlorophyll, thus carry out
photosynthesis, are plastids that are exposed to
light.
Chloroplasts
store starch; considered to be leucoplasts.
Amyloplasts
develop into amyloplasts which
accumulate sugar and store it as starch for months
Proplastids
contain abundant colored lipids; in flowers and
fruits
Chromoplasts
colorless plastids, synthesize lipids and other
materials
Leucoplasts
A specific stage in the transformation of proplastids
to chloroplasts; occur when tissues are grown
without light
Etioplasts
