Plant And Grain Foods Flashcards
What are the major classes of grains in Canada?
- cereals
- oilseeds
- pulses
What is the major crop grown in Canada?
Wheat followed by canola (typically for oil)
List the major cereal crops grown in Canada
- wheat*
- barley*
- oats*
- rye
- corn
What are the major oilseed crops grown in Canada?
- canola
- flax
- soy
- sunflower
What are the major crops of pulses grown in Canada?
- lentils
- chickpeas
- faba bean
- peas
What are 2 major taxonomic sub-classes of grain products?
- monocots (1 leaf seed)
- dicots (2 leaf seed)
What is a benefit of planting pulses grains
Assist in nitrogen fixation
- often used in crop rotation to prevent using fertilizers containing nitrogen, so more natural and sustainable
What is the green revolution?
A period of technology transfer initiatives that saw greatly increased crop yields and agricultural production. These changes in agriculture began in developed countries after World War II and spread globally till the late 1980s.
General structure of monocots and dicots that makes them distinct
- Both have a hull
- Monocots have an endosperm containing the starchy portion, dicots have no endosperm
- Both have cotyledons, but dicots are more developed making up the largest portion of the inside and contains the starchy portion
- Both have the growing germ inside
What are the ways in which barley can be classified?
- starch content
- beta-glucan levels
- hullness
- rows
How is wheat classified
Mainly based on the protein content of the seeds
soft (cakes): 8-10% gluten
Hard (bread): 12-14% gluten
Durum (pasta): 14-15% gluten
How is corn classified?
Starch content
* Waxy: contains high amylopectin, <10% amylose
* Regular/dent: 20-25% amylose
* High: >40% amylose
What are the ways in which oats can be classified?
- amount of B-glucan; high or low
- hullness; hulled and hulless
difference between hulled and hull-less cereal grains.
- hulled: hull still tighlty attached
- hull-less: cementing compound removed so hull not attached tightly and usually just falls off during harvesting
benefit of hull-less grain varieties during harvesting
hull-less reduces the cost of production
* Cementing compounds binds the bran to the hull . Between bran and hull is the cementing/ binding agent. Hull is not edible so needs to be removed before processed. Through breeding practice they have removed the cement section. So that hulls just fall off.
2 row vs. 6 row barley
arrangement of kernel is different - 2 kernels vs 6 kernels between 2 nodes
* 2 row kernels are plumb
* 6 row kernels are lean- less starch (more crowded so less storage space)
Structural components of grains
- hull/ husk 10-20% - fibrous
- bran 6-15% - oil, protein, fibre, enzymes
- endosperm 50-83% - rich in starch ad protein
- germ/ embryo 2-12% - rick in oil, protein, VitBs
