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Level 3 Biology > Plant and Animal Responses > Flashcards

Plant and Animal Responses Flashcards

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1
Q

Actogram

A

Graphical representation of an organism’s activity during a day.

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2
Q

Auxins

A

A plant growth hormone that promotes growth by cell enlargement/elongation in plants shoot and germination seeds.

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3
Q

Batesian Mimicry

A

A harmless organism copies the pattern of a dangerous organism to get protection.

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4
Q

Biological Clock

A

The mechanism that produces regular periodic changes in behavioural or physiology due to an internal clock.

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5
Q

Chemotaxis

A

The directional movement of an animal in response to chemicals in the environment.

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6
Q

Circadian Rhythm

A

Behaviour in an organism which is approximately 24 hour a solar day.

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7
Q

Circalunar Rhythm

A

Behaviour in an organism which is about 29.5 day approximates the cycle of a lunar month.

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8
Q

Circannual Rhythm

A

Behaviour in an organism which is approximately 365.25 days, the cycle of a solar year.

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9
Q

Circatidal Rhythm

A

Behaviour in an organism which is about 12.5 hour, approximates the cycle of the tides.

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10
Q

Commensalism

A

An interaction/relationship between two animal or plant species that live together in which one species benefits from the association while the other is not affected.

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11
Q

Community

A

All plants and animals living in a defined area.

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12
Q

Competition

A

The interaction/relationship between two or more organisms, populations, or species that share some environmental resource when this is in short supply.

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13
Q

Complex Hierarchy

A

Is a social structure in which each animal has a relative position of dominance.

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14
Q

Cooperative Breeding

A

A breeding system in which members of an extended family all help in the rearing of offspring.

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15
Q

Cooperative Defense

A

Where members of a group combine their strengths to defend against predators.

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16
Q

Courtship behaviour

A

Behaviour in animals that plays a part in the initial attraction of a mate or as a prelude to mating. These are often species specific.

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17
Q

Crepuscular Animals

A

Animals that are most active at dawn and dusk.

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18
Q

Day Neutral Plants

A

A plant in which flowering can occur irrespective of the day length.

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19
Q

Dominance

A

Behaviour shown by an individual that is higher in hierarchy than the individual it is relating with.

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20
Q

Endogenous

A

Rhythm controlled by an internal biological clock due to their DNA.

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21
Q

Entrainment

A

The resetting of the biological clock on a regular basis, forcing it to take up the period of the environmental cycle.

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22
Q

Environmental Cues

A

A change in the external environment that triggers a change in behaviour or physiology.

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23
Q

Exploitation

A

An interaction between species in which one benefits by using the other as a source of food or shelter.

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24
Q

Free Running Period

A

The period of a biological rhythm in the absence of external environmental cues.

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25
Q

Geotaxis

A

The directional movement of an animal in response to gravity.

26
Q

Geotropism

A

The directional growth of plant organs in response to gravity.

27
Q

Herbivorism

A

Form of exploitation where one animal eats a plant.

28
Q

Home Range

A

An area that is occupied by members of a species to find food/resources but is not defended.

29
Q

Homing

A

The ability of an organism to find its way back to a specific area.

30
Q

Indoleacetic Acid

A

A naturally occurring auxin, synthesised in the shoot tips and responsible for cell elongation in the plant system.

31
Q

Innate Behaviour

A

Behaviour which is controlled by our biological clock/DNA.

32
Q

Interspecific Relationships

A

Interactions between different species.

33
Q

Intraspecific Relationships

A

Interactions between members of the same species.

34
Q

Kinesis

A

The non-directional movement of an organism in response to a stimulus in which the rate of movement depends on the intensity of the stimulus.

35
Q

K-Strategy

A

A reproductive strategy where the parens produce a few young and give them lots of parental care. Most of the young survive.

36
Q

Learned behaviour

A

Behaviour not controlled by our biological clock/DNA.

37
Q

Linear Hierarchy

A

Ranked order of organisms in a population from most dominant to most submissive.

38
Q

Long Day Plants

A

A plant in which flowering can be induced or enhanced by long days (short nights), usually with more than 12 hours of daylight.

39
Q

Migration

A

The seasonal mass movement of organisms from one area to another and back.

40
Q

Mullerian Mimicry

A

Two or more poisonous species have similar colouration therefore get protection.

41
Q

Mutualism

A

A relationship where two species both benefit from the relationship.

42
Q

Nastic Movements

A

Non-directional movements of plants in response to external stimuli.

43
Q

Navigation

A

Methods organisms use to find their way. Can be solar, stellar, magnetic, ocean currents etc.

44
Q

Negative tropism

A

A plant growth response away from a stimulus.

45
Q

Nocturnal Animal

A

Animals that are active at night.

46
Q

Parasitism

A

A form of exploitation where one species lives on another to obtain food.

47
Q

Period of Activity

A

Time from the start of activity until the start of activity again.

48
Q

Phase Shift

A

When light/dark is altered, the phase shift is the amount by which the period alters.

49
Q

Photoperiodism

A

The response of an organism to changes in day length.

50
Q

Phototaxis

A

The directional movement of an animal to light.

51
Q

Phototropism

A

The directional growth of plant organs in response to light.

52
Q

Phytochrome

A

A pigment that exists in two forms: Pr -Pfr in the day and Pfr-Pr during the night.

53
Q

Pineal Gland

A

Small pea shaped gland in the brain which acts as our timekeeper.

54
Q

Predation

A

A form of exploitation where one animal hunts another animals for food.

55
Q

R-Strategy

A

A reproductive strategy where the parents use their energy to produce lots of offspring but give no parental care to the young.

56
Q

SCN - Suprachiasmatic Nucleus

A

Cells in the brain which keep track of day and night length.

57
Q

Short Day Plants

A

A plant in which flowering can be induced or enhanced by short days (long nights), usually with less than 12 hours of daylight.

58
Q

Taxes

A

Directional movements of animals towards or away in response to external stimuli.

59
Q

Territory

A

An area which an organism or a group of organisms utilise and actively defend.

60
Q

Thigmotropism

A

The growth of an aerial plant organ in response to localised physical contact.

61
Q

Tropism

A

Directional growth of a plant towards or away from a stimulus.

62
Q

Zeitgeber

A

The environmental agent that resents the biological clock.

Level 3 Biology (3 decks)

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