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General Biology 1 > Plant and animal organ systems and their function > Flashcards

Plant and animal organ systems and their function Flashcards

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1
Q

Is a biological process in which different organisms have the ability to produce another of their kind

A

Reproduction

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2
Q

type of reproduction where gametes or sex cells does not involve to reproduce

A

Asexual reproduction

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3
Q

type of reproduction that involves the union of gametes inside or outside the body of an organism

A

Sexual reproduction

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4
Q

kinds of asexual reproduction where an organism is reproduced by forming an outgrowth or a “bud” from a part of the parent organism’s body

A

Budding

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5
Q

an organisms is produced from the detached body of its parent

A

Fragmentation

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6
Q

a parent organism splits into two daughter organisms. This type of asexual reproduction is usually done by prokaryotic organisms (e.g bacteria) and some invertebrates

A

Binary fission

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7
Q

A plant part is used to reproduce another plant

A

Vegetative reproduction

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8
Q

this involves the production of spores, which are specialized asexual reproduction cells

A

Spore formation

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9
Q

Reproductive trait of organisms where the plants use their physical characteristics to attract pollinators. And when animals use theirs to attract male

A

Color Display

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10
Q

Reproductive trait of organism where some male species compete with other males to copulate with females

A

Sexual selection

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11
Q

difference between plants and animals method of fertilization

A

Plants needs a vector such as insect or a bird while animals requires physical interaction with each other in close proximity

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12
Q

Primitive ancestor of plants and animals

A

unicellular eukaryote

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13
Q

different between the body plan of plants and animals

A

plant cells are positionally fixed while animal cells are motile or capable of movement

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14
Q

plants and animals morphogenesis (change in shape)

A

plants go through a longer of morphogenesis than animals.

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15
Q

difference of plants and animals growth process

A

plants grow primarily by increasing the size of their cells while animals grow because their cells increase in number

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16
Q

difference between development and growth

A

Development- improve, enhance, mature (more ion quality)
Growth- number of cells, size of cell (more on quantity)

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17
Q

process of providing or obtaining food necessary for health, survival, and growth of an organism

A

Nutrition

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18
Q

provide energy for the organism’s metabolic processes

A

Nutrients

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19
Q

modes of nutrition where an organism can manufacture their own nutrients by synthesizing inorganic materials

A

Autotrophic

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20
Q

type of authotrophic where the energy from the sun and other inorganic substances are directly used to form organic food

A

Photoautotrophic

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21
Q

autotrophs that use chemicals to create simple organic substances important for their survival

A

Chemoautotrophic

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22
Q

mode of nutrition where the organism cannot make their own food and thus obtain their energy by digesting organic matter

A

Heterotrophic

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23
Q

heterotrophs that obtain their nutrients from dead organic matter

A

Saprophytic/Saprotrophic

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24
Q

type of heterotrophic where the organism take food from other organism

A

Parasite

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25
Q

this type of paratism happens when the parasite is outside of the body of a host. (ex. fleas and lice)

A

Ectoparasitism

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26
Q

this type of parasitism involves parasite that live inside the body of a host. (ex. roundworms and hookworms)

A

Endoparasitism

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27
Q

Heterotrophs that ingest solid or liquid food. The food is then digested and absorbed by the body

A

Holozoic

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28
Q

organisms that take in only plants

A

Herbivorous

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29
Q

organisms that eat other animals

A

Carnivorous

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30
Q

organisms that take in both plants and animals

A

Omnivorous

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31
Q

an important process that allows organisms to survive. Through this process, different gases are transferred in opposite directions a respiratory surface

A

Gas exchange

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32
Q

Gas exchange involves what?

A

Use of oxygen produced by photosynthetic organisms and the release of carbon doxide

33
Q

it is a structure used by unicellular organisms for gas exchange gases directly pass through the cell membrane through diffusion

A

Cell membrane

34
Q

it is a respiratory surface covered with thin and moist epithelial cells that allow oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange. (ex. amphibians, frogs)

A

Body surface/ skin

35
Q

They greatly Increases the surface area for gas exchange in aquatic organisms. They are convoluted outgrowths containing blood vessels covered with a thin layer of epithelial cells

A

Gills

36
Q

Plants use this for gas exchange

A

Stomata

37
Q

In plants, gas exchange mainly occurs in __________

A

leaves

38
Q

Gases enter the leaves through this specialized pores

A

Stomata

39
Q

Each stomata contains this. It controls the opening and closing of the pores

A

Guard cells

40
Q

Stomata closes at night because of this

A

Turgor pressure

41
Q

______ and _______ also contributes to gas exchange but only with a minimal effect

A

Roots and stem

42
Q

A waxy, waterproof substance that does not allow water and gases to pass through the cork cells in roots and stem of a plant

A

Suberin

43
Q

Nonsuberized pores that provide pathway in the roots and stem for the direct exchange of gases between the internal tissue of the plant and the atmosphere

A

Lenticels

44
Q

system that allows important biological fluids to be transported around the organism so that the organism can breathe, gain nutrition, and maintain its internal environment for survival

A

Transport/ Circulatory system

45
Q

main circulatory organ of plants that transport water and nutrients from the roots ti the different parts of the plant

A

Xylem

46
Q

main circulatory organ of plants that transport sugars and other metabolic products from the leaves to the rest of the plant

A

Phloem

47
Q
  • transport gases and nutrients in the animal’s body
  • carries wastes out of the body
A

Blood

48
Q

tubular structures carrying blood

A

Blood vessels

49
Q

hollow muscular organ that pumps blood throughout the different parts of the body

A

heart

50
Q

blood protein

A

hemoglobin

51
Q

most important fluid in plants

A

water

52
Q

this is the tendency of water to pass through the semipermiable membrane of plant cells.

A

Osmosis

53
Q

osmosis process

A

water movement from an area with lower solute concentration to an area with high solute concentration

54
Q

This is the process where the water exits the plant through the stomata of the leaves because of evaporation

A

Transpiration

55
Q

this also allows the water to move up through a plant.

A

Adhesion- cohesion property of water

56
Q

Occurs because the water molecule cling to the xylem tissue

A

Adhesion

57
Q

occurs because the water sticks to one another

A

Cohesion

58
Q

refers to the movement of liquid across a solid surface, which is caused by adhesion

A

Capillary action

59
Q

how to maintain homeostasis in animals

A

the amount of water acquired by the body should be equal to the amount of water lost

60
Q

main organ for nervous control in the animals (vertebrates) that control all the activities of the body

A

Brain

61
Q

main organ for nervous control in the animals ( for some invertebrates) consist of individual nerve cells that form netlike arrangement throughout the animal’s body

A

Nerve nets

62
Q

unit of nervous system in plants

A

Root tip/ apex

63
Q

these parallel interconnections form the serial nervous system in plants

A

Plant nerves

64
Q

channel or medium where information travels in animals

A

nerves

65
Q

channel or medium where information travels in plants

A

vascular strands

66
Q

chemical control in animals

A

involves hormones that are important for growth and survival

67
Q

chemical control in plants

A

also involves hormones needed for certain physiological processes in the body

68
Q

IT protects the organism from diseases or other potentially damaging foreign bodies

A

Immune system

69
Q

specialized blood cells that travel through the circulatory system of the animals to destroy foreign bodies

A

Lymphocytes

70
Q

each plant contains this to recognize pathogen molecules

A

receptors

71
Q

Defense response that triggers by the receptors when an invader is identified

A

Cell wall production and thickening

72
Q

Antimicrobial compounds produced by the receptors when an invader is identified

A

Phytoalexins, enzymes, and cell death

73
Q

sensory and motor mechanism of animals

A
  1. The presence of the physical stimulus
  2. The transduction of the stimulus
  3. The transmission of action potentials in sensory neurons
74
Q

Movement of the plant in response to light

A

Phototropism

75
Q

Movement of the plant in response to gravitational force

A

Geotropism

76
Q

movement of plant in response to water

A

hydrotropism

77
Q

movement of plant in response to mechanical stimulation or touch

A

Thigmotropism

78
Q

movement of plant in response to chemical stimulation

A

Chemotropism

General Biology 1 (2 decks)

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