PLANT AND ANIMAL NUTRIENT PROCUREMENT AND PROCESSING

Question 1

obtain energy from sunlight and chemicals to produce their own food.

Answer 1

Autotrophs

Question 2

cannot make their own food and obtain their energy from other organisms

Answer 2

Heterotroph

Question 3

3 Nutritional Requirements of Plants

Answer 3

Water
Carbon dioxide
Essential Nutrients or elements

Question 4

2 Routes for Absorption of Water and Minerals Across the Roots

Answer 4

Symplast route
Apoplast route

Question 5

through plasmodesmata

Answer 5

Symplast route

Question 6

along cell walls

Answer 6

Apoplast route-

Question 7

3 Nutritional Adaptations by Plants

Answer 7

Root hairs-
Root nodules
Mycorrhizae (singular, mycorrhiza)-

Question 8

slender extensions of specialized epidermal cells that greatly increases the surface area available for absorption

Answer 8

Root hairs-

Question 9

• localized swellings in roots of certain plants where bacterial cells exist symbiotically wit

Answer 9

Root nodules

Question 10

symbiotic interaction between a young root and a fungu

Answer 10

Mycorrhizae (singular, mycorrhiza

Question 11

5 Nutritional Requirements of Animals

Answer 11

Carbohydrates
Proteins
Fats
Essential Nutrients-
Trace Elements or Minerals-

Question 12

a major energy source for the cells in the body.

Answer 12

Carbohydrates

Question 13

obtained from grains, cereals, breads, fruits and vegetables

Answer 13

Carbohydrates

Question 14

used as an energy source but the body mainly uses these as building materials for cell structures and as enzymes, hormones, parts of muscles, and bones

Answer 14

Proteins

Question 15

come from dairy products, poultry, fish , meat and grains.

Answer 15

Proteins

Question 16

used to build cell membranes, steroid hormones, and other cellular structures;

Answer 16

Fats

Question 17

obtained from oils, margarine, butter, fried foods, meat and processed snack foods.

Answer 17

Fats-

Question 18

only get from the foods they eat because they could not be synthesized inside the body.

Answer 18

Essential Nutrients-

Question 19

3 Essential Nutrients

Answer 19

Essential amino acids-
Essential fatty acids
Vitamins

Question 20

synthesis of proteins and enzymes;

Answer 20

Essential amino acids-

Question 21

r making special membrane lipids;

Answer 21

Essential fatty acids

Question 22

organic molecules required in small amounts for normal metabolism;

Answer 22

Vitamins-

Question 23

inorganic nutrients needed by the body in minute amounts;

Answer 23

Trace Elements or Minerals

Question 24

Food Uptake in Cells
3 Types of Endocytosis:

Answer 24

Phagocytosis
Pinocytosis
Receptor-mediated endocytosis

Question 25

engulfment of organic fragments or big particles

Answer 25

Phagocytosis

Question 26

• uptake of extracellular fluid by a cell using small vesicles

Answer 26

Pinocytosis

Question 26

• uptake of extracellular fluid by a cell using small vesicles

Answer 26

Pinocytosis

Question 27

is relies on membrane receptor recognition of specific solutes which are then taken up by the cell via receptor-coated pits

Answer 27

Receptor-mediated endocytosis-

Question 28

4 Variations in Feeding Mechanisms and Digestive Compartments in Animals

Answer 28

Substrate-feeders
Filter-feeders
Fluid-feeders
Bulk-feeders-

Question 29

live in or on their food source.

Answer 29

Substrate-feeders

Question 30

aquatic animals which draw in water and strain small organisms

Answer 30

Filter-feeders

Question 31

suck fluids containing nutrients from a living host

Answer 31

Fluid-feeders-

Question 32

eat relatively large chunks of food

Answer 32

Bulk-feeders-

Question 33

3 Different Kinds of Digestive Compartments in Animals:

Answer 33

Food Vacuoles in Unicellular Organisms
Gastrovascular Cavity or incomplete digestive System
Complete digestive system-

Question 34

Accessory organs for digestion in a complete digestive system:

Answer 34

Liver-
Gallbladder
Pancreas-

Question 35

secretes bile for emulsifying fats

Answer 35

Liver

Question 36

stores bile produced by the liver

Answer 36

Gallbladder-

Question 37

secretes enzymes that break down all major food molecules

Answer 37

Pancreas

Question 38

4 Main Stages of Food Processing:

Answer 38

Ingestion
Digestion
Absorption
Elimination

Question 39

act of eating or feeding; this is coupled with the mechanical breakdown of food into smaller pieces

Answer 39

Ingestion

Question 40

breakdown of food into particles, then into nutrient molecules small enough undergo Chemical digestion

Answer 40

Digestion

Question 41

passage of digested nutrients and fluid across the tube wall and into the body fluids;

Answer 41

Absorption-

Question 42

expulsion of the undigested and unabsorbed materials from the end of the gut

Answer 42

Elimination-

Question 43

(required in larger amounts)

Answer 43

macronutrients (