gas ex

Question 1

6 factors influencing gas exchange

Answer 1

respiratory surface or organ
Respiratory system relies on the diffusion of gases down pressure gradient.
Surface-to-volume ratio
Ventilation
Perfusion
Respiratory Pigments or Proteins

Question 2

part of an animal’s body where gases are exchanged with the environment.

Answer 2

respiratory surface or organ

Question 3

allow the gas exchange, it must be moist, large enough, and protected from dedication.

Answer 3

respiratory surface or organ

Question 4

Partial pressures for gas in the atmosphere can be computed.

Answer 4

Respiratory system relies on the diffusion of gases down pressure gradient.

Question 5

partial pressure of oxygen in alveolar air is about

Answer 5

104 mm Hg

Question 6

partial pressure of oxygenated pulmonary venous blood is about

Answer 6

100 mm Hg

Question 7

states that the amount of diffusion of a gas across a membrane is proportional to the surface area and the difference in partial pressure between two sides and inversely proportional to the thickness of the membrane.

Answer 7

Frick’s Law

Question 8

s, the surface area increases at a lesser rate than its volume, making diffusion of gases into the interior more difficult.

Answer 8

Surface-to-volume ratio

Question 9

a body design that keeps the internal cells close to the surface

Answer 9

Surface-to-volume ratio

Question 10

refers to the movement of the respiratory medium (air or water) over the respiratory surface.

Answer 10

Ventilation

Question 11

refers to the flow of blood to alveolar capillaries.

Answer 11

Perfusion

Question 12

volumes involved in ventilation and perfusion should be compatible.

Answer 12

Perfusion

Question 13

Adaptations of animals for gas exchange include respiratory pigments that bind and transport gases.

Answer 13

Respiratory Pigments or Proteins

Question 14

3 the respiratory surfaces or organs in invertebrates

Answer 14

Integumentary exchange
External gills-
Tracheal system in arthropods

Question 15

3 the respiratory surfaces or organs in vertebrates

Answer 15

External gills-
Internal gills-
Lungs-

Question 16

nternal respiratory surfaces shaped as a cavity or sac

Answer 16

Lungs

Question 17

provided a membrane for gaseous exchange.

Answer 17

Lungs

Question 18

rows of slits or pockets in adults fishes positioned at the back of the mouth such that water that enters the mouth can flow over them as it exits just behind the head.

Answer 18

Internal gills

Question 19

thin, vascular projections from the body surface of a few amphibians.

Answer 19

External gills

Question 20

• refers to the general body surface or skin used by animals with high surface-to-volume ratio;

Answer 20

Integumentary exchange-

Question 21

used by invertebrates that live in aquatic habitats;

Answer 21

External gills

Question 22

gills are highly folded, thin-walled, vascualarized epidermis that project outward from the body

Answer 22

External gills-

Question 23

utilizes fine air-conditioning tubules to provide gaseous exchange at the cellular level. It is not dependent on a circulatory system;

Answer 23

Tracheal system in arthropods

Question 24

Water flows over the gills and blood circulates through them in opposite direction. This mechanism, called

Answer 24

countercurrent flow

Question 25

is much more efficient than co-current exchange.

Answer 25

Countercurrent

Question 26

controls oxygen and carbon dioxide levels for the entire body by regulating the rate and depth of breathing.

Answer 26

nervous system

Question 27

the muscles around bronchioles contract more than usual, increasing resistance to airflow.

Answer 27

asthma

Question 28

abnormal condition of the lungs marked by decreased respiratory function. It is associated with smoking or chronic bronchitis or old age.

Answer 28

Emphysema

Question 29

is an infectious disease involving inflammation and fluid buildup in the lungs.

Answer 29

Pneumonia

Question 30

conduct substances such as products of photosynthesis, water, and other compounds.

Answer 30

Phloem cells

Question 31

can be explained by both "push" from below and "pull" from above.

Answer 31

xylem

Question 32

describes the movement of substances in the phloem from source cells to sink cells.

Answer 32

Pressure flow or bulk flow

Question 33

do not have a circulatory system.

Answer 33

sponges, cnidarians, and flatworms,

Question 34

rely on water flow through their bodies for obtaining food, oxygen, and removing waste.

Answer 34

Sponges

Question 35

have direct contact of cells with water for oxygen, nutrient, and waste exchange.

Answer 35

Cnidarians

Question 36

being small and flat, can diffuse oxygen through their skin and do not require a circulatory system.

Answer 36

Flatworms,

Question 37

Vertebrates, including humans, have a circulatory system.

Answer 37

closed circulatory system.

Question 38

collect blood from veins

Answer 38

Atria

Question 39

pump blood into arteries.

Answer 39

ventricles

Question 40

prevent backflow of blood between chambers.

Answer 40

Valves

Question 41

a connective tissue consisting of plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.

Answer 41

Blood

Question 42

Blood vessels include;

Answer 42

arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, and veins.

Question 43

carry oxygenated blood except for the pulmonary artery,

Answer 43

Arteries

Question 44

carries deoxygenated blood.

Answer 44

pulmonary artery

Question 45

return deoxygenated blood back to the heart.

Answer 45

Veins

Question 46

systems use hemolymph and have a central body cavity (hemocoel) for nutrient and gas exchange.

Answer 46

Open circulatory

Question 47

have blood enclosed within vessels and are more efficient. - Pulmonary circulation moves blood to and from the lungs for oxygenation.

Answer 47

Closed circulatory system

Question 48

moves blood to and from the lungs for oxygenation.

Answer 48

Pulmonary circulation

Question 49

provides oxygen and nutrients to body tissues and removes waste products.

Answer 49

Systemic circulation

Question 50

supplies oxygenated blood to the heart muscle.

Answer 50

Coronary circulation