Plant And Animal Breeding Flashcards
what do breeders look to develop
Plants and animals with, higher food yield, higher nutritional values, pest and disease resistant and ability to thrive in particular conditions.
Why are field trials carried out?
To compare the performance of different cultivators or treatments and to evaluate GM crops
What must you consider in a field trial?
To ensure valid comparison one treatment must be trialed at one time
Replicates must be used to Improve reliability
To eliminate bias treatments must be randomised
What is inbreeding
Two closely related species reproducing. This is done until the population breeds true to the desired type due to the elimination of heterozygotes
What are the effects of inbreeding?
increase in the frequency of individuals who are homozygous for recessive deleterious alleles. These individuals will do less well in reproducing, leading to inbreeding depression.
What does inbreeding depression lead to
a decline in vigour, size, fertility and yield of the species involved.
What may plants with increased vigour have?
Increased disease resistance
Increased growth rate
What is hybrid vigour?
Recessive alleles masked by superior dominant alleles
What is genetic transformation?
Transferring genetic material from one species to another
What is an example of GM organisms?
Gene from BT toxin which is inserted into maize. It results in the crop becoming resistant to pests and yield increases
