Plant and animal breeding 3.2 Flashcards
What are advantages of plant and animal breeding?
Plant and animal breeding to improve characteristics to help support sustainable food production
What do breeder look for when developing crops and animals?
Breeders develop crops and animals with higher food yields, higher nutritional values, pest and disease resistance and
ability to thrive in particular environmental conditions.
Why are plant field trials carried out?
Plant field trials are carried out in a range of environments to compare the performance of different cultivars or treatments and to evaluate GM crops.
What has to be taken into account when designing field trials?
In designing field trials account has to be taken of the selection of treatments, the number of replicates and the randomisation of treatments.
Why does the selection of treatments, the no. of replicates and the randomisation of treatments have to be taken into account when designing field trials?
The selection of treatments to ensure valid comparisons, the number of replicates to take account of the variability
within the sample, and the randomisation of treatments to eliminate bias when measuring treatment effects.
What happens during inbreeding?
In inbreeding, selected related plants or animals are bred for several generations until the population breeds true to the desired type due to the elimination of heterozygotes.
What are monohybrids crosses used for?
Analysis of patterns of inheritance in inbreeding using monohybrid crosses.
What leads to inbreeding depression?
A result of inbreeding can be an increase in the frequency of individuals who are homozygous for recessive deleterious alleles. These individuals will do less well at surviving to reproduce. This results in inbreeding depression.
In animals what can different breeds do?
In animals, individuals from different breeds may produce a new crossbreed population with improved characteristics.
In animals what may the two parents breeds be maintained to do?
The two parent breeds can be maintained to produce more crossbred animals showing the improved characteristic.
How can new alleles be introduced to plant and animal lines?
New alleles can be introduced to plant and animal lines by crossing a cultivar or breed with an individual with a different, desired genotype.
In plants, How are F1 hybrids produced and what do they create?
In plants, F1 hybrids, produced by the crossing of two different inbred lines, create a relatively uniform heterozygous
crop.
What do F1 hybrids usually have?
F1 hybrids often have increased
vigour and yield.
What may plants with increased vigour have?
Plants with increased vigour may have increased disease resistance or increased growth rate
In inbreeding animals and plants, why are F1 hybrids not usually bred together?
In inbreeding animals and plants, F1 hybrids are not usually bred together as the F2 produced shows too much variation.
