Plant anatomy, morphology and physiology

Question 1

There are monocots and dicots. Name the main differences.

Answer 1

Monocot:

• 1 cotyledon
• all grasses
• netlike root system that originates from stem, fibrous roots
• leuk veins parallel
• flowers in parts of 3
• xylem shattered in the endodermis

Dicot:

• 2 cotyledons
• taproot system
• leaf veins are like a net, branching off from a main vein
• flowers in parts of 4 or 5
• xylem in “X” shape in endodermis

Question 2

Name the functions of the xylem

Answer 2

Moves water with solubles (only) up in the plant from roots to leaves.

Question 3

Name the function of the phloem

Answer 3

moves glucose & amino acids from leaves to the rest of the plant. (both up and down)

Question 4

What are the functions of the shoot system

Answer 4

Above the ground. Used for storage of energy and nutrients, transport, hormones. Shoot specific functions are photosyntheses and reproduction.

Question 5

What are the functions of the root system

Answer 5

Under the ground. Used for storage of energy and nutrients, transport, hormones. Root specific functions are anchorage of the plant and absorption of water and solubles.

Question 6

What are the 4 types of plant tissues?

Answer 6

• Dermal tissue (outside of plant)
• Vascular tissue (veins inside plant)
• Ground or fundamental tissue (inside of plant, root)
• Meristematic tissue (differiating cells, can become any cell type. Splits up in a two new cells, a meristem + one of the others (depending on plant part))

Question 7

Functions of the leaf

Answer 7

• Respiration

- Photosynthesis

Question 8

What parts does the leaf have

Answer 8

• cuticle (upper layer)
• upper epidermis
• lower epidermis
• • under constructiono

Question 9

What is a fibrous root

Answer 9

• no main roots
• shallow but widespread
• thin branching roots growing from the stem
• monocot

Question 10

What is a taproot

Answer 10

• 1 main root from stem
• small branches from root
• dicot