plant

Question 1

function of waxy cuticle

Answer 1

Protective layer,
prevents excessive
water loss from leaves
so that they do not dry
out

Question 2

Upper epidermis

Answer 2

Thin and Transparent
to allow as much light
as possible to reach
the photosynthesizing
cells

Question 3

Palisade mesophyll cells

Answer 3

Where most
photosynthesis takes
place; found in the
uppermost half of leaf to
receive as much
sunlight.rectangular to pack tightly,contains large central vacuole

Question 4

Stomata function

Answer 4

Largely found on
underside of leaf, allows
for movement of air in
an out of leaf for
efficient gas exchange,
allows for water loss

Question 5

vascular bundle function made of xylem and phloem

Answer 5

Xylem: transports
water and minerals
from roots to leaves

Phloem: transports
sucrose from leaves
to other parts of the
plant

Question 6

Adaptation of leaf being thin

Answer 6

Allows carbon dioxide to diffuse to palisade mesophyll cell quickly

Question 7

Adaptation of large surface area

Answer 7

Increase surface area for the diffusion of carbon dioxide and absoroption of light for photosynthesis

Question 8

Adaptation of chlorophyll

Answer 8

Absorbs light energy so photosynthesis can take place

Question 9

Network of veins

Answer 9

Allows transport of water to the cells of the leaf and carbohydrates from the leaf for photosynthesis

Question 10

epidermis is thin and transparent

Answer 10

alows more light to reach the palisade cells

Question 11

thin cuticle made of wax

Answer 11

protect leaf without blocking sunlight

Question 12

palisade cell layer at top of leaf

Answer 12

maximises the absorption of light as it will hit chloroplast directly

Question 13

spongy layer

Answer 13

air spaces allow carbon dioxide to diffuse through leaf,increasing surface area

Question 14

vascular bundles

Answer 14

thick cell wall of tissue in bundle help support stem and leaf

Question 15

chloroplast

Answer 15

contain chlorophyll to absorb light energy,pcked at sides of cell

Question 16

Photosynthesis definition

Answer 16

process where green plants where in the presence of light energy and chlorophyll produce oxygen and glucose from carbon dioxide and water.oxygen is waste product

Question 17

process of photosynthesis

Answer 17

carbon dioxide enters through stomata in leaves,water enter through roots,sunlight absorbed by chlorophyll and chemical reaction happens and glucose made and oxygen exits through stomat

Question 18

products of photosynthesis

Answer 18

final product is glucose,but leaf stores excess glucose as starch because starch molecules are long chains of glucose,they are insoluble and can be stored in cells without affecting water potential and osmosis,some plants store large amounts of starch in tubers

Question 19

How is glucose transported?

Answer 19

it is transported in the form of sucrose(fructose+glucose),soluble but not as reactive as glucose,so its more easily carried arount the plant

Question 20

How is photosynthesis tested

Answer 20

remove leaf and place in boiling water,place leaf in hot ethanol by putting over water bath which dissolves chlorophyll,waash leaf in cold water and add iodine to leaf on petri dish

Question 21

Investigating factors needed for photosynthesis

Answer 21

Light-put one in light and one dark,carbondioxide-2 bell jars-one with carbon dioxide and one with carbon dioxide removed by potassium hydroxide,chlorophyll-using variegated leaves,white portion doesnt have chlorophyll

Question 22

other methods to test photosynthesis

Answer 22

volume of oxygen produced,oxygen sensor probe connected to data logger,time taken for submerged leaf discs to rise,measures oxygen production

Question 23

factors affecting photosynthesis

Answer 23

temperature,light intensity,carbon dioxide concentration

Question 24

Why does temperature affect photosynthesis

Answer 24

Enzymes are required for photosynthesis and they have an optimum temperature(above optimum temperature rate falls off)

Question 25

Why does light intensity affect photosynthesis

Answer 25

higher light intensity will result in more glucose formation hence higher rate of photosynthesis(when light is no longer the limiting factor,photosynthesis rate will plateau)

Question 26

why does carbon dioxide concentration affect photosynthesis?

Answer 26

carbon dioxide is requried for photosynthesis,so more carbon dioxide will result in higher rate of photosynthesis.(after some point carbon dioxide will no longer be limiting factor,so rate of photosynthesis plateau)

Question 27

Mineral requirements of plants

Answer 27

Photosynthesis only generates carbohydrates which is used to produce energy during respiration however for plants to grow they need proteins and genetic material requiring nitrogen,obtained from soil through roots using active transport

Question 28

Nitrate deficiency

Answer 28

stunted growth

Question 29

magnesium ion deficiency

Answer 29

yellow leaves between veins like old leaves because magnesium is transported to new leaves