characteristics and classification of living organisms Flashcards
7 life processes
movement,respiration,sensitivity,growth,reproduction.excretion,nutrition
describe movement
action by an organism or part of an organism causing a change of position or place.
describe respiration
chemical reactions in cells that break down nutrient molevules and release energy for metabolism.
describe sensitivity
ability to detect and respond to changes in the internal or external environment
describe growth
permanent increase in size and dry mass
describe reproduction
process that make more of the same kind of organism
describe excretion
removal from organisms of the waste products of metabolism,toxic materials and substances in excess requirements
describe nutrition
taking in materials for energy,growth and development
why is there a need for classification
makes identification of living organisms easier
what is a species
group of organisms that can reproduce to produce fertile offspring
meaning of fertile
able to reproduce when they become an adult
linnean classification system
kingdom,phylus,class,order,family,genus,species
what is the binomial naming system
genus and species of organism.genus always capital,species always no capital letter,needs to be italicised when typed,underlined when handwritten
5 kingdoms
bacteria:very small and single celled,no nucleus.protists:single celled with nucleus.Fungi:cell walls contain chitin,with nucleus.Plants:multicellular organism can make food through photosynthesis.Animals:multicellular,have to obtain food
tell me about the kingdom monera
single-elled prokaryote,microscopic,has cell wall,has a plasma membrane and cytoplasm containing glycogen granules.some have slime capsules and some have 1 or more flagella
tell me about the kingdom protista(protoctist)
unicellular eukaryotes with a distinct membrane-bound nucleus.usually motile,made possible by pseudopodia and beating of flagella or cilia.some can make own food(protophyta).some take in and digest food(protozoa)
tell me about kingdom fungi
multicellular organisms composed of thread-like hyphae which form a network called mycelium,cell walls made of chitin.hyphae may be divided by cross walls into short segments or may merge together with nuclei spread along the cytoplasm.do not produce cytoplasm thus do not photosynthesise.secrete enzymes to digest food outside the cells and absorb the soluble products.fungi are parasitic or saprophytic in their nutrition.some produce spores in a sporangium or cap.parasitic fungi cause disease.
tell me about the plant kingdom
multicellular.eukaryotic cells which contain distinct membrane bound nucleus.possess a cellulose cell wall.usually contain chloroplasts filled with chlorophyll and are thus able to photosynthesise.
what aer angiospermophyta
possess roots,stems and leaves.possess xylem and phloem for transport.Produce flowers as part of their reproductive cycle.produce seeds enclosed in a fruit formed from ovary
what are the 2 classes of flowering plants
monocotelydons and dicotelydons
monocots feature
long and narrow leaves.leaves have parallel veins.seeds contain single cotyledon or seed leaf.flower parts are grouped in threes
dicots features
leaves are usually broad with network of veins.seeds contain 2 cotyledons.flower parts are grouped in 4s or 5s
kingdom animalia
multicellular.no cell wall,no chlorophyll so no photosyntheiss and heterotrophic obtaining nutrient by eating and digesting other living organisms,usually mobile
phylum nematoda
long and cylindrical body,not segmented body,pointed at both ends.may be parasitic
