Plant Flashcards
Flower
Flower is for reproduction
• It makes seeds
• It contains male and female sex organs
Leaf
Makes food for the plant (photosynthesis)
• Cools the plant when water vapour passes through it
• Allows the exchange of carbon dioxide and oxygen
• Leaf stores food
Fruit
Protectsseeds
• Provides food for seeds
The bud
Allows new leaves and flowers to grow
Stem
The stem allows the transport of food, water and minerals around the plant
• It also supports the plant and holds it upright
• Stems store food
Roots
Anchor and support
• Take in water and nutrients
• Store food
Transpiration
Transpiration is the loss of water vapour from the stomata of the leaves
Stomata
The stomata are little holes on the underside of the leaves.
Transpiration stream
The flow of water from the roots, up through the plant, and out the leaves is called the transpiration stream
Xylem
Water is absorbed up through the roots, and travels to the leaves and the tips of the plant through the xylem
Phloem
Food from the leaves travels to other parts of the plant in the phloem
Flower (sexual reproduction)
The flower is the sexual reproduction organ of the plant
• Male cells called pollen are made here
• Female cells called egg cells are made here
Ovary
Ovary: makes the egg or ovule
Stigma
Stigma: pollen lands and sticks to it
Style
Style: makes a tube for the pollen (male gamete) to travel down to the egg (female gamete)
Pollination
Pollination is the transfer of the pollen from the stamen (anther) of one plant to the carpel (stigma) of another
• There are 2 types
• Insectpollination
• Windpollination
Sepal
Sepal: protects the flower before it blooms
Petals
Petals: coloured and scented to attract insect
Male parts
Male parts: Stamen made up of filament and anther
Filament
Filament: holds up anther
Pollination
Pollination is the transfer of the pollen from the stamen (anther) of one plant to the carpel (stigma) of another
• There are 2 types
• Insectpollination
• Windpollination
Fertilisation
Fertilisation is the fusion of the male gamete nucleus with the female gamete nucleus to form a zygote When the pollen lands on the stigma a pollen tube grows down through the style The male nucleus (also called the male gamete) travels down through the pollen tube until it reaches the egg (also called the female gamete) • When the male and female nucleus fuse they form the zygote
• The zygote grows into the seed
Seed and fruit formation
After fertilisation the fertilised egg
becomes the seed The ovary swells to become the fruit
Functions of the fruit
Fruit protects the seed or seeds Fruit allows the seeds to be carried away from the plants
Some fruits provide food for the seed to develop
Seed dispersal
Seed dispersal is the way plants spread their seeds around
• Seeds need to be carried away from the parent plant so they won’t compete for space, light, water and minerals
Four types of seed dispersAl
- Animal dispersal
- Wind dispersal
- Self dispersal
- Water dispersal
Animal dispersal
Animal dispersal happens when fleshy fruits are eaten by animals or birds
•The seeds pass unharmed through the animal and come out in faeces somewhere else!
Wind dispersal
Wind dispersal happens when the seeds are carried on the wind
• Examples are the dandelion “parachute” • And the Sycamore “helicopter”
Self dispersal
Some plants explode to release their seeds
• Example pea pods
Water dispersal
When plants produce seeds to float away • Eg water lillies
Germination
Germination is the growth of seeds into a new plant
• Seeds need water, oxygen and heat to germinate
Asexual reproduction
Asexualreproductioninvolvesonlyone parent
• Sometimes if a leaf or a piece of stem from a plant is cut off and planted it can grow into another plant
• This is true for geraniums.
Eg. Strawberries
Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis is the process where green plants make food using light energy
Why are leaves and plants green
Because the contain Chlorophyll which is a green chemical needed for photosynthesis
Chlorophyll
Is found in chloroplasts in plant cells
Photosynthesis
Carbon dioxide + water in the presence of chlorophyll and sunlight gives us oxygen
How are leaves designed for photosynthesis
They are flat and thin
Stomata
Little holes on the underside of leaves for gas exchange
Where do plants get carbon dioxide
The atmosphere
Where do plants get water
From the soil with there roots
What do plants do with glucos
Growing and repairing damaged parts, store stach
