Planning Theories

Question 1

Transactive planning

Answer 1

John Friedmann (1973) - planner’s role to meet with individuals to discuss issues and help develop a plan

Question 2

Radical planning

Answer 2

John Friedmann (1987) - giving power to the people to develop their own plans; difficult to implement

Question 3

Communicative planning

Answer 3

Current predominant theory; planning as operating within political realm with a variety of interests, and the planner’s goal is to mediate among stakeholders to develop a consensus

Question 4

Rational planning

Answer 4

“Scientific” planning - 1) set goals; 2) determine alternatives; 3) evaluate alternatives; 4) choose alternative; 5) implement alternative; 6) evaluate

Question 5

“Satisfice”

Answer 5

Term coined by Herbert Simon - refers to principle that human mind has limited ability to solve problems, so we settle on “good enough” solution

Question 6

Incremental planning

Answer 6

From Charles Lindblom (1959), argues planners should work incrementally, one at a time - “muddling through”

Question 7

Mixed scanning

Answer 7

Amitai Etzioni - views planning decisions as working simultaneously on “big picture” and “small picture” level, with more comprehensive rational analysis for the former, incrementalism for the latter

Question 8

Advocacy planning

Answer 8

Paul Davidoff developed; reflects that there’s no “good of the whole” and that planners must represent special interest groups while developing plans

Question 9

Equity planning

Answer 9

Offshoot of advocacy planning, by Norman Krumholz from Cleveland; view that planners should work to redistribution power, resources, and participation towards poor and working members. Difficult if local leaders are not in sync