Planning Theories Flashcards
What are the 7 theories of planning practice?
Rational
Incremental
Mixed-Scanning
Advocacy
Transactive
Radical
Communicative
What is rational planning
Pure rationality assumes that a planner has perfect knowledge of all of the factors in a given situation.
Dominant theory through the 1950s.
Criticism is that it cannot be used when we have “wicked” problems (i.e. homelessness) and that it does not specify who sets goals.
Rational planning should not be used if there is no consensus within a community
Who introduced the concept of incremental planning?
Charles Lindblom, 1959
What is incrementalism
That people make plans and decisions in an incremental manner, through a series of successive and limited comparisons.
Who introduced the concept of mixed-scanning?
Amitai Etzioni
What is a mix between rational and incremental planning?
Mixed-Scanning
What is mixed-scanning?
That planning decisions are viewed at two levels- big picture, small picture.
Who introduced the concept of advocacy planning?
Paul Davidoff, 1960
What is advocacy planning?
a way to represent the interests of groups within a community; that plans should represent varying interest groups.
Who introduced the concept of equity planning?
Norman Krumholz, 1970
What is equity planning?
That planners should advocate specifically for the disadvantaged in the community.
Who introduced the concept of transactive planning?
John Freidman, 1973
What is transactive planning?
A way to get the public more involved in the planning process- where the planner meets with individuals in the community.
Who introduced the concept of Radical Planning?
John Freidman, 1987
What is radical planning?
involves taking power away from the government and giving it to the people, and in this way citizens get together and develop their own plans.
