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Science > Planet Earth 1-3 > Flashcards

Planet Earth 1-3 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Minarals

A

a naturally occurring Non-living crystalline material

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2
Q

Crust

A

The outermost layer of earth

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3
Q

Rock

A

Is made up of more than one mineral

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4
Q

element

A

A pure substance

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5
Q

Coumpound

A

Made up of two or more elements combined

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6
Q

What is the Mohs Hardness scale?

A

It is a scale that shows how soft or hard a rock is

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7
Q

7 properties that help identify minerals

A
  1. what color of streak it leaves on povcelain tile
  2. if breaks in a stright line its Cleavage if it breaks loose and bumpy it fracture.
  3. if a mineral can bend or not
  4. igneous rocks are formed by molten rocks (lava)
  5. Metamorphic formed when rocks changed by heat and pressure
  6. Sedementary with many rock fragments, seashells and chemicals are compressed together in layers and harden
  7. if rocks or your finger nail can leave a scratch mark on other rocks
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8
Q

In the Mohs hardness which rock is the hardest and softest?

A

Dimond is the hard’est talc is the soft’est

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9
Q

Metamorphic

A

formed when other rocks are changed by heat, pressure and chemical reactions

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10
Q

Igneous

A

formed by solidified molten rock (lava)

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11
Q

Sedimentary

A

formed when combinations of rock, seashell ans chemical fragments compressed in layers and harden

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12
Q

cementation

A

a process by which particals are held together by another material

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13
Q

compaction

A

the process by which sedimentary rock is formed from sediments

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14
Q

Soil profile

A

Is a view of the different layers that make up soil

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14
Q

Topsoil

A

Is the top where soil which is often rich in hummus and nutrients

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15
Q

Leaching

A

Is the removal of soil material dissolved in water

16
Q

Erosion

A

Is the movement of rock and mineral grains from one place to another

17
Q

Sediments

A

Comes from layers rock of rocks that have been broken down

18
Q

Weathering

A

Is your physical breakdown or disintegration of rocks

19
Q

Mechanical weathering

A

Is the physical break up or or disintegration of rocks for example gravity causes rocks to fall down cliffs and break apart

20
Q

Biological weathering

A

The physical or chemical breakdown of rocks caused by living that air plants animals bacteria example trees roots can cracked/break rocks

21
Q

Chemical weathering

A

then break-up or disintegration of rocks through the effects of chemical reaction upon them

22
Q

What are the four agents erosion?

A

Glaciers, gravity, wind and water are the for key agents of erosion

23
Q

Glaciers

A

Rub across mountain/watch it removes layers of it and also melted water gets in the cracks when it freezes again it makes cracks bigger

24
Q

Gravity

A

Pulls rocks down word and can cause landslides

25
Q

Wind

A

Can carry particles in it that rub against the rocks and smooth it out

26
Q

Water

A

Can smooth rock out break them down and even carry rocks which helps the process of breaking them down go faster

27
Q

Abrasion

A

Wearing down of rocks by wind ice waves and running water

28
Q

Striations

A

Scrape marks at indicate the pressure of a glacier

29
Q

Moraines

A

Eroded sentiments get pushed in front of glaciers and piled along its sides these are called Moraines

30
Q

Erratic

A

Large rocks that can be left behind many kilometres from their source

31
Q

How do you V-shaped valley’s form?

A

Slower, incremental changes happen as streams and rivers carry rock fragments along in the water. The fragments rub against each other and the Riverbend as they bounce along they are gradually rounded and worn down. Rivers can cut straight into rocks to form canyons or gorge and Steep V-shaped valley’s.

32
Q

Frank slide

A

Most disastrous Rockside in Canadian history was the Frank slide in 1903 at in Alberta crows nest pass. Over 80,000,000 tons of rock crash down the side of turtle Mountain bearing parts of the town of Frank. More than 70 people died in the disaster. The slider lasted less than 100 seconds. Scientist are studying the Frank slide using new technology and sound waves.

33
Q

Cleavage

A

When rocks break in straight lines

34
Q

Fracture

A

When I rock breaks in an uneven pattern and is rough along the sides

35
Q

In order to survive your body needs how many different elements found in minerals to survive?

A

Your body needs 20 or more different elements found in minerals iron and pirate help your body Carry oxygen calcium from Cal side and dolomite helps to regulate water in the body cells

36
Q

What is the relationship between the size of crystals and the length it took the form?

A

Longer the crystals talk to form the longer they are in size.

37
Q

How are intrusive rock formed?

A

Magma cools below the earth surface example granite

38
Q

How are extrusive rocks formed?

A

When lava cools above the earth surface example obsidian

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