Planes & Directional Terms Flashcards
Anterior
towards the front
Posterior
towards the rear
Lateral
towards the left/right sides
Medial
towards the middle
Superior
towards the head
Cephalad
towards the head
Inferior
towards the feet
Caudad
towards the feet
Proximal
towards the heart or origin of attachment
Distal
away from the heart or origin of attachment
Superior, aka
Cephalad, aka
Inferior, aka
Caudad, aka
Prone
Lying face down
Supine
Lying face up
Ventral
towards the front
Anterior, aka
Ventral, aka
Dorsal
towards the back
Posterior, aka
Dorsal, aka
Intermediate
between two structures
Ipsilateral
on the same side of the body
Contralateral
on opposite sides of the body
Superficial
toward the surface of the body, external
Deep
away from the surface of the body, internal
Visceral
related to a membrane covering internal organs
Parietal
related to a membrane covering body cavity walls
Erect
standing or sitting upright
Semi-erect
sitting partially upright
Trendelenburg
Feet higher than head, while lying on a tilted bed
Spell the term that describes a patient’s position as they lie on a tilted bed, with feet higher than head.
T-R-E-N-D-E-L-E-N-B-U-R-G
Reverse Trendelenburg
Head higher than feet, while lying on a tilted bed
Sagittal plane, aka
Longitudinal plane of the human body, aka
Sagittal plane
vertical plane that cuts the body from superior to inferior,divides body into right and left
Longitudinal plane
A plane that is parallel to the longest axis along a given structure
Midsaggital plane, aka
Median plane
Midsaggital plane
vertical plane that cuts the body from superior to inferior along the midline,divides the body into equal parts right and left
Median plane
vertical plane that cuts the body from superior to inferior along the midline,divides the body into equal parts right and left
Parasagittal plane
vertical plane that cuts the body from superior to inferior into unequal parts right and left
Axial plane, aka
Transverse plane, horizontal axis, short axis, aka
Transverse plane, aka
Axial plane, horizontal axis, short axis
Horizontal axis, aka
Axial plane, transverse plane, short axis
Short axis, aka
Transverse plane, horizontal axis, axial plane
Axial plane
horizontal plane that cuts the body laterally, divides the body into superior and inferior parts
Transverse plane
horizontal plane that cuts the body laterally, divides the body into superior and inferior parts
Horizontal axis
horizontal plane that cuts the body laterally, divides the body into superior and inferior parts
Short axis
horizontal plane that cuts the body laterally, divides the body into superior and inferior parts
Coronal plane, aka
Frontal plane
Coronal plane
vertical plane that cuts the body from superior to inferior, divides the body into anterior and posterior parts
Frontal plane
vertical plane that cuts the body from superior to inferior, divides the body into anterior and posterior parts
Midaxillary plane
vertical plane that cuts the body from superior to inferior along the midline,divides the body into equal parts anterior and posterior
Oblique axis
a plane that is at any angle in between the sagittal, axial, and/or coronal planes
Median plane, aka
Midsaggital plane
towards the front
Anterior/Ventral
towards the left/right sides
Lateral
towards the middle
Medial
towards the head
Cephalad/Superior
towards the feet
Caudad/Inferior
towards the heart or origin of attachment
Proximal
away from the heart or origin of attachment
Distal
Cephalad, aka
Superior, aka
Caudad, aka
Inferior, aka
Lying face down
Prone
Lying face up
Supine
towards the front
Ventral/Anterior
Ventral, aka
Anterior, aka
towards the back
Dorsal/Posterior
Dorsal, aka
Posterior, aka
between two structures
Intermediate
on the same side of the body
Ipsilateral
on opposite sides of the body
Contralateral
toward the surface of the body, external
Superficial
away from the surface of the body, internal
Deep
related to a membrane covering internal organs
Visceral
related to a membrane covering body cavity walls
Parietal
standing or sitting upright
Erect
sitting partially upright
Semi-erect
Feet higher than head, while lying on a tilted bed
Trendelenburg
Head higher than feet, while lying on a tilted bed
Reverse Trendelenburg
Longitudinal plane of the human body, aka
Sagittal plane, aka
vertical plane that cuts the body from superior to inferior,divides body into right and left
Sagittal/Longitudinal plane
A plane that is parallel to the longest axis along a given structure
Longitudinal plane
Median plane, aka
Midsaggital plane
vertical plane that cuts the body from superior to inferior along the midline,divides the body into equal parts right and left
Median/Midsaggital plane
vertical plane that cuts the body from superior to inferior into unequal parts right and left
Parasagittal plane
horizontal plane that cuts the body laterally, divides the body into superior and inferior parts
Axial/Transverse/Horizontal/Short plane
Frontal plane, aka
Coronal plane
vertical plane that cuts the body from superior to inferior, divides the body into anterior and posterior parts
Coronal/Frontal plane
vertical plane that cuts the body from superior to inferior along the midline,divides the body into equal parts anterior and posterior
Midaxillary plane
a plane that is at any angle in between the sagittal, axial, and/or coronal planes
Oblique axis
Midsaggital plane, aka
Median plane
Which is the largest body cavity?
abdominopelvic
Which region is the spleen located in?
Left Hypochondriac
What are the two imaginary vertical lines that divide the body into regions?
left & right midclavicular
List the nine regions of the abdominopelvic cavity.
R/L hypochondriac, R/L lumbar, R/L inguinal/iliac, epigastric, umbilical, hypogastric
Name one organ from the right hypochondriac region
liver
Name one organ from the left hypochondriac region
spleen
Name one organ from the epigastric region
stomach
Name one organ from the right lumbar region
large intestine
Name one organ from the left lumbar region
large intestine
Name one organ from the umbilical region
small intestine
Name one organ from the left inguinal region
colon
Name one organ from the right inguinal region
appendix
Name one organ from the hypogastric region
bladder, rectum, ovaries, uterus
Which measurements can a longitudinal scanning plane evaluate?
length & depth
Which measurements can a transverse scanning plane evaluate?
width & depth
Which measurements can a coronal scanning plane evaluate?
length & width
How is an oblique patient position named?
according to the body surface and side nearest the table
How is a lateral patient position named?
right lateral decubitus or left lateral decubitus
Which smaller cavities are found within the dorsal cavity?
cranial & vertebral
Which structures are found in the dorsal cavities?
brain, spinal cord, nerves
division of pelvic cavity
pelvic brim separates true pelvis & false pelvis
location of umbilicus
L4
List five anatomical landmarks by palpation
sternal notch, xiphoid process, subcostal margin, iliac crest, symphysis pubis
What are the two imaginary horizonal lines that divide the body into regions?
subcostal & transtubercular
