Plan Making and Implementation

Question 1

First full-time planner employed by American city?

Answer 1

Harland Bartholomew, St. Louis, 1916

Question 2

Planning Programming Budgetary System (PPBS)

Answer 2

Divides government operations into program components rather than objectives of expenditure. Focuses on fundamental objectives of a program, identifies future implications of current budgeting decisions, considers all costs and analyzes alternatives; developed by Robert McNamara at DOD

Question 3

What are the steps in project management?

Answer 3

Initiate, plan, execute, control, close

Question 4

What is a capital facilities plan?

Answer 4

A plan for roads, bridges, sewer lines; estimates future needs and sources of funding, 5-6 year schedule

Question 5

What is a Capital Improvement Program (CIP)?

Answer 5

A multi-year scheduling of public physical improvements based on fiscal analysis and population projections. 5-6 year period

Question 6

What is a Capital Improvement Program?

Answer 6

A plan that details potential financing for capital improvements through the use of bonds, special districts, TIF

Question 7

What is a comprehensive plan?

Answer 7

Scope is usually an entire municipality or county. Addresses both short and long-term planning concerns as well as demographic trends, current and future land use, economic development, environmental constraints, transportation planning, housing and implementation

Question 8

What is a decision matrix?

Answer 8

This approach uses a table, with various alternatives in a the rows and various impact factors in the columns. Factors are weighted and different possible outcomes are compared.

Question 9

What is a Gantt chart?

Answer 9

Used in project management to organize and allocate time among various tasks

Question 10

What is a line item budget?

Answer 10

A traditional municipal budget is a line item budget. They divide expenditures into categories such as equipment and personnel. Not easily used as a management tool.

Question 11

What is a performance budget?

Answer 11

Organizes expenditures by the services they fund and sets evaluation standards for each service. used as a management tool

Question 12

What is a policy?

Answer 12

A general rule for action that outlines how the goals and objectives of a plan should be realized

Question 13

What is advocacy planning?

Answer 13

This model takes the perspective that there are large inequalities in the political system and in the bargaining process between groups that result in large numbers of people unorganized and unrepresented in the process. It concerns itself with ensuring that all people are equally represented in the planning process by advocating for the interests of the underprivileged and seeking social change

Question 14

What is CPM?

Answer 14

Critical Path Method: similar to PERT, shows what tasks must be completed before another task may happen. Used to model the activities of a project as a network and show which activities are critical to the project and which are not.

Question 15

What is incremental planning?

Answer 15

Charles Lindblom as a response to rational planning; acknowledges that changes are made in increments.

Question 16

What is PERT?

Answer 16

Program Evaluation Review Technique; shows how different tasks are related, depicts tasks and duration of tasks using forked lines; used to reallocate available resources among tasks in order to keep the project on time and on budget.

Question 17

What is rational planning?

Answer 17

Old approach to planning; ideas was that planner, with a vast supply of knowledge, would identify a problem, set goals and objectives, identify and evaluate alternatives, select best alternative and implement the plan.

Question 18

What is the Dayton System?

Answer 18

Simplified combination of PPBS and Zero Based Budgeting. Programs are listed in rows and categories such as responsible Dept, time required, etc., are listed as columns.

Question 19

What is the Delphi technique?

Answer 19

Relies upon receiving input from individuals with different types of expertise or knowledge. The views of each are presented and considered in successive rounds of questions, with each round working toward greater clarification of an issue.

Question 20

What is the difference between a goal and an objective?

Answer 20

A goal is a desired state of affairs to which planning efforts are directed. Goas are usually value-based statements. Objective is also value-based but offers more specific, measurable statements of how to achieve the desired ends.

Question 21

What is the role of the planning commission?

Answer 21

Makes recommendations to the city governing body on short- and long-range planning, development reviews, etc.

Question 22

What is the role of the planning director?

Answer 22

• communication of agency goals to subordinates
• motivation of subordinates
• reporting the agency’s work and accomplishments

Question 23

What is the role of the ZBA?

Answer 23

Makes recommendations to governing body on variances, special use permits, appeals of decisions made by zoning officer

Question 24

What is zero-base budgeting?

Answer 24

Not based on previous year’s budget. Each year’s budget starts at a base of zero and each program and expenditure in the budget must be justified annually; developed by Texas Instruments in 1970s.

Question 25

What was the first comprehensive city plan?

Answer 25

Cincinnati Plan, 1925

Question 26

What was the significance of Stuart Chapin’s Urban Land Use Planning?

Answer 26

The first textbook on planning presenting a holistic methodology for creating a plan

Question 27

Where/when was the first regional planning agency founded?

Answer 27

Atlanta, 1949, Atlanta Metropolitan Council

Question 28

Who is Paul Davidoff?

Answer 28

Father of advocacy planning; said planners shouldn’t be value neutral but instead should represent special needs and interest groups.

Question 29

Who is Sherry Arnstein?

Answer 29

Wrote Ladder of Participation

Question 30

Who is Saul Alinsky?

Answer 30

Developed a vision of planning centered around community organizing (led to advocacy planning)