Placidity Flashcards
Draw out the basic anatomy of the neuron
where is the:
cell membrane
dendrites
cell body
axons
nodes of ranvier
myelin sheath
oligodendrocytes
synapse
where is the axon hitting on the cells
axo-dedritic
axo-somatic
axo-axonic
dendron-denritic
what are the glia and what are the different types of glia
ependymal cells
-lining of the ventricles (CSF)
oligodendrocytes
-creates meylin sheath
microglia
-policeman
-clean up the debris
Astrocytes
- scaffolding for the brain
-most abundant
what are the different types of neurons
pyramidal
purkinje
granule
spindle
interneuron
what is a pyramidal neuronal cell
Found in the cortex – usually associated with initiation of movement and thought
what is a purkinje neuronal cell
Found in the cerebellum – multiple feedbacks for precise movements
what is a granule neuronal cell
found throughout the brain, cerebellum, olfactory, and hippocampus
what is a spindle neuronal cell?
Connections to different parts of the brain
*May be involved in some psych disorders
what is an interneuron neuronal cell?
connections between to help regulation normally inhibitory
What does plasticity mean?
the ability for neurons to adapt and perfect the flow of information with the inflow or outflow
what are the two main points of plasticity?
arborization
de-arborization
what is arborization when it comes to plasticity
The process in which connections are made including dentrites, axons, and/or telodendrites. (synaptogenesis)
Can enhance a skill/memory
Over-arborization can lead to problems including increased reflexes, pain, or the inability to process information
how is arborization performed?
Increase in the amount of neurotransmitters
Increased connections from the pre-synaptic neuron
Increased connections from the post-synaptic neuron
BOTH
what is the ultimate goal of arborization
allow better ease of depolarization
what is dearborization when it comes to plasticity
the loss of connections
also known as pruning
occurs for a few reasons:
- natural development
-loss of represented structures
-loss of a skill
- brain insult or infraction
what is the time line of plasticity
from 36 week gestation to 2 years there is synapse formation
from 4 to 6 years there is synapse pruning occurring
what are the four types of learning?
hebbian learning
retrograde signaling
mirror neuron signaling
anti-hebbian learning
what is hebbian learning
neurons will fire together, wire together
presynaptic neuron strengthens connections
what is retrograde signaling
neurons surrounding the pre-synaptic neuron get stronger with the post synaptic neurons
increased neurotransmitters or nitrous oxide
what is mirror neuron signaling
neurons that fire during active and observation of activity
increase connectivity and lateralization
what is the anti hebbian style of learning
-the post synaptic neuron mediates the connection
-mediates the response when two types of inputs may enter the cell
- thought to occur in the cerebellum
what are the principles of neuroplasty
-use it or lose it
-specificity of practice
-intensity matters
-time matters
-transference
-use it and improve it
-repitions or dosage matters
-salience matters
-age matters
-interference
explain the concept of use it or lose it to me?
Plasticity is always occurring
The brain will take over different regions if lost or unused.
Is the old phrase “Pick it back up like riding a bike true”?
Time is key
In primate experiments:
A digit was amputated
The brain lost representation
The brain grew the surrounding representation
explain the concept of use it and improve it to me
the use of a skill improves the acquisition of the task
certain types of settings or specific circumstances can increase the acquisition of skills
