Placental Hormones Flashcards
Major site of steroid and protein production
Syncitiotrophoblast
Septeroidgenesis in pregnancy is composed of 3 compartments:
Fetal
Placental
Maternal
_____ utilized LDL cholesterol from maternal plasma for progesterone biosynthesis
Human syncitiotrophoblast
What are the placental protein hormones:
hPL HCG ACTH HGH-v PTH-rP Calcitonin Relaxin Inhibin Activins ANP
Hypothalamic like releasing and inhibitory hormones
TRH GnRH CRH Somatostatin GHRH
The hormone produced by the fetal compartment
Alpha fetoprotein
The hormone produced by the maternal compartment
Prolactins
Relaxins
Decidual proteins
Glycoprotein that has same biological activity as LH
Human chorionic gonadotropin
HCG is produced by:
Placenta
Fetal kidney
Malignant tumors
HCG has the highest CHO content of nay human hormone by __ %
30%
Plasma half life of HCG
36 hours
Plasma levels of free beta subunits increase steadily until the __ weeks of pregnancy and then plateau till the end of pregnancy
36th
Rate of secretion of the complete hCG molecule is maximal at __ weeks of gestation
8-10 weeks
____ is produced by ___ that acts as a paracrine manner on syncitiotrophoblast to stimulate hCG production
Placental GnRH
Cytotrophoblast
Other agents that believe to influence HCG secretion in trophoblast:
IL 6 Epidermal growth factor cAMP Activin + Inhibin -
____ weeks HCG is expressed in both syncititiotrophoblast and cytotrophoblast
< 5 weeks
HCG is almost exclusively produced by ___
Syncitiotrophoblast
Intact hCG molecule is detectable in plasma of pregnant woman in about ___ days after the midcycle surge of LH that preceeds ovulation
7-9 day
HCG enters maternal blood at the time of ___
Blastocyst implantation
Blood levels of HCG increases rapidly, doubling every ____
2 days
Between 60th and 80th days after the last menses peak levels reach about __
100,000 mIU/ml
When HCG titers exceed ____, vaginal ultrasonography should identify an intrauterine gestation
1000-1500 IU/L
In ____ weeks of gestation, maternal plasma levels begin to decline
10-12 weeks
Causes an increase in HCG:
Muktifetal pregnancy Erythroblastosis fetalis Fetal hemolytic anemia GTD Fetus with down syndrome
Causes low levels of HCG:
Early pregnancy wastage (ectopic pregnancy)
Biological functions of HCG:
☑️ Rescue and maintain functions of corpus luteum
☑️ Stimulation of fetal testicular testosterone secretion
☑️ Stimulation of maternal thyroid activity
☑️ Promotion of relaxin secretion by corpus luteum
☑️ Promote uterine vascular vasodilation and myometrial smooth muscle relaxation via LH-HCG receptors
