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OB GYN > Fetal Growth and Development > Flashcards

Fetal Growth and Development Flashcards

0
Q

Menstrual age is usually __ weeks before ovulation and fertilization

A

2 weeks

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1
Q

This is the elapsed time since the first day of the LMP

A

Menstrual age or Gestational age

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2
Q

Menstrual age is nearly __ weeks before implantation of the blastocyst

A

3 weeks

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3
Q

The number of days and calendar month duration of mestrual age

A

280 days

9 1/2 months

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4
Q

This starts 3 weeks after ovulation

A

Embryonic period

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5
Q

Positive pregnancy test

A

3 weeks after ovulation

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6
Q

Embryonic disc is well defined, the body stalk is differentiated

A

3 weeks after ovulation

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7
Q

Chorionic sac is approximately 1 cm

A

3 weeks after ovulation

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8
Q

There is a true intervillous space that contains maternal blood

A

3 weeks after ovulation

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9
Q

Villous core in which angioplasties chorionic mesoderm can be distinguished

A

3rd week after ovulation

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10
Q

Chorionic sac is 2 to 3 cm in diameter

A

4th week after ovulation

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11
Q

Embryo is about 4 to 5 mm in length

A

4th week after ovulation

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12
Q

Partitioning of the primitive heart begins

A

4th week after ovulation

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13
Q

Arm and leg buds are present

A

4th week after ovulation

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14
Q

Amnion begins to unsheathe the body stalk which becomes the umbilical cord

A

4th week after ovulation

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15
Q

The embryo is 22 to 24 mm in length

A

6th week after fertilization

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16
Q

Head is quite large compared to the trunk

A

6th week after fertilization

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17
Q

Heart is completely formed

A

6th week after fertilization

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18
Q

Fingers and toes are present

A

6th week after fertilization

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19
Q

Arms bend at the elbow

A

6th week after fertilization

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20
Q

Upper lips is complete

A

6th week after ovulation

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21
Q

External ears from definitive elevations on either side of the head

A

6th week after fertilization

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22
Q

This occurs 8 weeks after fertilization or 10 weeks after the onset of the last menstrual period

A

Fetal period

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23
Q

The embryo fetus is nearly 4cm long

A

Fetal period

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24
Q

The major portion of lung development is yet to occur

A

Fetal period

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25
Q

The crown rump length of the fetus is 6 to 7 cm

A

12 gestational weeks

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26
Q

Centers of ossification have appeared in most of the fetal bones, and the fingers and toes are differentiated

A

12 gestational weeks

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27
Q

Skin and nails have developed and scattered rudiments of hair appear

A

12 gestational weeks

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28
Q

The external genitalia are beginning to show definitive signs of male or female gender

A

12 gestational weeks

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29
Q

The fetus begins to make spontaneous movements

A

12 gestational weeks

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30
Q

The crown rump length of the fetus is 12 cm

A

16 gestational weeks

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31
Q

What is the weight of the fetus in a 16 gestational week

A

110 grams

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32
Q

The gender can be correctly determined by experienced observer by inspection of the external genitalia by ___

A

14 weeks

33
Q

The fetus now weights somewhat more than 300 grams

A

20 gestational weeks

34
Q

Weight begins to increase in a linear manner

A

20 gestational weeks

35
Q

The fetal skin has become less transparent, a downy lanugo covers the entire body, and some scalp hair has developed

A

20 gestational weeks

36
Q

The fetus weighs around 630 grams

A

24 gestational weeks

37
Q

The skin is characteristically wrinkled and fat deposition begins

A

24 gestational weeks

38
Q

The head is STILL comparatively large and eyebrow and eyelashes are usually recognizable

A

24 gestational weeks

39
Q

The canalicular period of lung development occurs during which bronchi and bronchioles, enlarge and alveolar ducts develops

A

24 gestational weeks

40
Q

Canalicular period is nearly completed by the ___

A

28 gestational weeks

41
Q

Crown rump length of about 25 cm

A

28 gestational weeks

42
Q

The fetus weighs around 1100 grams

A

28 gestational weeks

43
Q

And infant born at this time moves limbs energetically

A

28 gestational weeks

44
Q

Cries weakly

A

28 gestational weeks

45
Q

The otherwise normal infant of the age has a 90% chance of survival without physical or neurological impairment

A

28 gestational weeks

46
Q

Crown rump length of about 28 cm

A

32 gestational weeks

47
Q

The weight of the fetus is about 1800 grams

A

32 gestational weeks

48
Q

The skin surface is still red and wrinkled

A

32 gestational weeks

49
Q

Infants born at this period also usually survive intact

A

32 gestational weeks

50
Q

The crown rump length of the fetus is about 32 cm

A

36 gestational weeks

51
Q

The weight of the fetus is about 2500 grams

A

36 gestational weeks

52
Q

Deposition of subcutaneous fat, the body has become more rotund

A

36 gestational weeks

53
Q

Infants born at this time have an excellent chance of survival with proper care

A

36 gestational weeks

54
Q

Fetus is fully developed

A

40 gestational weeks

55
Q

Crown rump length of the fetus at term is about 36 cm

A

40 gestational weeks

56
Q

The fetus weight is approximately 3400 gram

A

40 gestational weeks

57
Q

Sutures between two frontal bones

A

Frontal

58
Q

Suture between two parietal bones

A

Sagittarius

59
Q

Between frontal and parietal bones

A

Coronal sutures

60
Q

Between posterior margins of the parietal bones and upper margin of the occipital bone

A

Lambdoid suture

61
Q

Where several sutures meet, an irregular space forms which is enclosed by a membrane

A

Fontanels

62
Q

Is a lozenge-shaped space situated at the junction of the Sagittarius and the coronal sutures

A

Greater or Anterior fontanel

63
Q

Small triangular area at the intersection of the sagittal and lambdoid sutures

A

Lesser or posterior fontanel

64
Q 
Give the measurement of the following:
Biparietal:
Bitemporal:
Occipitomental:
Suboccipitobregmatic:
Occipitofrontal:
A
  1. 5 cm
  2. 0 cm
  3. 5 cm
  4. 5 cm
  5. 5 cm
65
Q

The greatest circumference of the head corresponds to the plane of the ____ diameter that averages ___ cm

A

Occipitalfrontal diameter

34.5 cm

66
Q

The smallest circumference corresponds to the plane of the ____ diameter which is ___ cm

A

Suboccipitobregmatic diameter

32 cm

67
Q

Myelination of the ventral root of the cerebrospinal nerves and brainstem begins at approximately:

A

6 months

68
Q

This is the organ of transfer between mother and fetus

A

Placenta

69
Q

Occasional development of breaks in the chorionic villi is seen in:

A

Sensitization of erythrocytes of their D-positive fetus

70
Q

The ____ and _____ together function for the fetal as lung, GI and kidney

A

Chorionic villus

Intervillous space

71
Q

Residual volume of the intervillous space of the term placenta measure ___ ml

A

140 ml

72
Q

Uteroplacental blood flow NEAR TERM has been estimated to be ___ with most blood apparently going to the intervillous space

A

700-900ml/min

73
Q

Blood pressure in the intervillous space is significantly ___ the uterine arterial pressure but somewhat __ the uterine venous pressure

A

Less than

Greater than

74
Q

Uterine venous pressure varies depending on several factors such as the ___

A

Maternal position

75
Q

Substances that pass from the maternal blood to the fetal blood must traverse this:

A

Syncytiotrophoblast
Storma of the intravillous space
Fetal capillary wall

76
Q

This actively or passively permits, facilitates, and adjust the amount and rate of transfer if a wide range of substances if the fetus

A

Syncytiotrophoblast

77
Q

The total surface area of capillaries? at term has been estimated to be approximately

A

10 m2

78
Q

In the regulation of placental transfer what is the fetal tissue interface

A

Syncytiotrophoblast

79
Q

The maternal facing surface of the placental transfer is characterized by _____

A

Complex microvillous structure

80
Q

This is the site of transfer to the intravillous space through which the fetal capillaries traverse

A

Fetal facing basal cell membrane

81
Q

Determining of the effectiveness of the human placenta as organ transfer, at least 10 variables are important:

A
  • concentration of the substance in the maternal plasma bound to carrier protein
  • rate of maternal blood flow in the intervillous space
  • area available for exchange across the villous trophoblast epithelium
  • substance transferred by diffusion the physical properties of the tissue barriers
  • receptors for active transport
  • amount metabolized by the placenta
  • area for exchange across fetal capillaries in the placenta
  • bound substance in the fetal blood
  • specific carrier protein in the fetal circulation
  • rate of blood flow through the villous capillaries

OB GYN (11 decks)

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