Placenta and Gestational Disorders Flashcards
What is the “endometrial” layer of pregnancy called?
Desidua
What is the function of the placenta? (3)
Establish effective communication between mother and developing fetus while maintaining immune and genetic integrity of both individuals (NO MIXING)
Exchange of nutrients, oxygen and waste products
Hormone secretion - esp HCG
(HCG is a maker for pregnancy and gestational trophoblastic dz)
What is the placenta?
What layers is it composed of? (2)
What important layer helps it connect to maternal circulation?
What is it derived from?
What is the placenta: membrane that surrounds the developing fetus and forms the amniotic cavity
Composed of: amnion (inner layer) and Chorion (outer layer, attaches to the decidua via chorionic villi = fxn provide large contact area / increase surface connection between fetal and maternal circulations)
Derived from: fetal tissue
What is the chorionic villi composed of?
How does it change throughout the pregnancy?
The chorionic villi are composed of two epithelial layers = trophoblast
= syncytiotrohpblast and the cytotrophoblast
The CENTRAL STROMA = connective tissue and vascular spaces
First trimester = immature,
Third trimester = mature, vascularity is more pronounced/INC while the central stroma area decreases..epithelial layers become less prominent
Maternal/Fetal Blood Circulation:
[deoxy/oxy] FETAL blood enters the placenta through (#) umbilical [veins/arteries]
[deoxy/oxy] FETAL blood from the placenta returns to the fetus through (#) umbilical [veins/arteries]
Blood circulation:
Maternal blood enters with INTERVILLOUS space thorugh endometrial/spiral arteries and circulates around the villi, allowing for gaseous and nutrient exchagen
DEOXYGENATED FETAL blood enters the placenta through 2 umbilical ARTERIES
OXYGENATED FETAL blood from the placenta returns to the fetus through 1 umbilical VEIN
What would characterize a spontaneous abortion?
What are some causes?
What is an ectopic pregnancy?
What are predisposing factors (5)
Presentation (2):
Clinical complications (2):
Dizygotic or monozygotic?
(if monozygotic, when did the split occur?)
Diamnionic, dichorionic?
Diamnionic, monochorionic?
Monoamnionic, monochorionic?
What is placental previa?
Sx (1)
What is placental accreta?
SX (1)
Predisposing factors (2):
What is abruptio placenta?
What is the clinical presentation and potential consequence?
What could happen if the placental tissue is not fully delievered/retained placental tissue?
(2)
What is Preeclampsia?
What is Eclampsia?
What trimesters does this usually happen?
Is preeclampsia always occur before eclampsia?
What is the pathogenesis behind preeclampsia?
Tx?
