Histology - Repro, Endo Flashcards
What type of epithelium is found in:
Ectocervix/exocervix
Stratified squamous epithelium, nonkeratinized
What type of epithelium is found in:
Endocervix
Simple columnar epithelium
What type of epithelium is found in:
Ovary and outer surface
Simple cubodial epithelium
What type of epithelium is found in:
Fallopian Tubes (2)
Simple columnar, ciliated
Peg cells
What type of epithelium is found in:
Uterus
Simple columnar epithelium with glands (long tubular or coiled)
Identify:
Primary Follicle
cubodial/columnar mitotically INACTIVE granulosa cells (1-2 layers) surrounding an enlarged oocyte
Identify:
Graffian Follicle / mature follicle
contains theca layer, which surrounds the granulosa layer, which surrounds the cumulus oophorus (eccentric location and projects into the well developed antrum)
Identify:
Corpus Albicans
Identify:
Secondary Follicle
mitotically ACTIVE granulosa cells (3-5 layers), and a zona pellucida that surround the oocyte
Identify:
Corpus Leuteum
Once the oocyte is released and in the absence of fertilization, the collapsed ovulatory follicle becomes the corpus luteum, which is 1.5-2.0 cm round structure with festooned contours, clear/yeallow cells and a cystic center; as it regresses, it is invated by connective tissue that gradually converts it to a scar (round, pink, relatively acellular structure) = corpus albicans
Identify and describe:
Primordial Follicle
Consists of a primary oocyte (40-70 um in diameter) surrounded by a single layer of flattened, mitotically INACTIVE, granulosa cells resting on a thin basal lamina
Identify the structure and the individual sections A and B.
Which section is responsive to hormonal changes?
Uterus
A= endometrium
*its functional layer, varies in thickness according to hormonal influences
B= myometrium
NOT affected by hormonal changes
Identify:
Fallopian tube:
long slender plicae (folds) resting on the muscularis
HIgh power photmicrography of tubal epithelium shows predominantely ciliated cells (help sweep the oocyte to the uterus) with scattered secretory cells = PEG cells; peg cells don’t have cilia but produce secretions to protect oocyte and promote fertilization
Which cells are the smallest and most numerous type of follicles in the cortex of the ovary?
Primordial follicles - each contains a germ cell (primary oocyte), surrounded by a layer of somatic squamous tissue = follicular cells, which support the oocyte
As it grows and transforms into a primary follicle –> follicle cells increase in height and become cubodial cells. The follicle cell layers gradulaly increase and their cytoplasm begins to have a granular appearance = granulosa cells (follicle cells surrounding an oocyte which ahve proliferated and transformbed)
What is the major function of granulosa cells?
How do they change throughout the cycle?
Production of sex steriods.
FSH stimulatse granulosa cells to convert androgens (from theca cells) to estradiol via aromatose
After ovulation, granulosa cells become granulosa lutein cells that produce progesterone.
*granulosa cell tumors of the ovary are neoplasms composed of granulosa cells that may produce excess estrogen. This may result in precocious puberty in children or endometrial hyperplasia/endometrial cancer in adults
Identify the * within the breast tissue:
Breast adipose tissue
Identify the * within the breast tissue:
Breast ducts
Identify the * within the breast tissue:
Breast stroma
What are the levels of…
Progesterone?
Estrogen?
= secretory endometrium
HIGH progesterone
LOW estrogen
After ovulation, the uterus has secretory endometrium. Secretory endometrial glands have saw-tooth shaped lumen with subepithelial vacuoles. The secretory endometrium corresponds to a corpus luteum, high progesterone levels and low estrogen levels. Once the corpus luteum regresses, the progesterone effect on tthe secretory endometrium is ended and menstruation occurs.
What are the levels of…
Progesterone?
Estrogen?
= Proliferative endometrium
LOW progesterone
HIGH estrogen
Proliferative endometrium glands have small round lumen with an epithelial lining that appears as pseudostratified columnar epithelium.
Associated with a maturing graafian follicle, increasing levels of estrogen and decreased levels of progesterone
Followed by an INC in FSH and LH and still INC levels of estrogen and ovulation
Vaginal mucosa is comprised of what type of epithelium?
Nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium
+ underlying lamina propria (dense elastic connective tissue with many elastic fibers)
Identify A and B regarding the intralobular duct of the breast:
Which cell type [A or B] are stimulated by oxytocin to contract and push milk out of alveoli and ducts in a lactating female?
A = myoepithelial cells
B= cubodial epithelial cells
Intralobular breast ducts are lined by cubodial epithelial cells and underlying myoepithelial cells.
Myoepithelial cells are simulated by oxytocin to contract and push milk out of the alveoli and ducts in a lactating female
Identify the three types of cells and what is the main function?
Big middle = Basophils. Secrete TSH, LH and FSH
Little red = Acidophils. Secrete GH and prolactin
LIttle purple = chromophobes = undifferentiated cells that could become either basophils or acidophils.
Identify structures A and B of the pituitary:
A = neurohypophysis (posterior pituitary = pale!)
B = adenohypophysis (anterior pituitary)
Large dilated axon terminal endings that is filled with accumulated neurosecretory granules is loacted in what part of the pituitary?
What is the name these structures?
Hering bodies = large dialted axon terminals ending that are filled wtih accumulated neurosecretory granules, located in the NEUROHYPOPHYSIS (posterior pituitary); the axon terminals are from the hypothalamus.
Where are ADH and oxytocin synthesized?
ADH and oxytocin are synthesized in the HYPOTHALAMUS and are then transported to the PARS NERVOSA where processing is complete –> posterior pituitary
Identify the structures:
A = follicle, which contain colloid = amorphic pink substance
B = C cells, which lie beween follicles and secrete calcitonin
What type of epithelium are the thyroid follicels lined with?
Cubodial cells
Identify:
1 : organ
2: What hormones (2) is produced here and what is its function?
3: How many do we have in humans
4: location in the human body
5: what 2 unique cells are present in the this organ?
- parathyroid gland
2: PTH - plays role in regulating calcium in the blood and within the bones - humans have usually 4 of these glands
- located posterior to the thyroid
- Chief cells and oxyphil cells are two unique types of cells that are present in the parathyroid gland
Chief cells = syn and release PTH
Oxyphil cells = ligher in appearance, INC number with age; unknown fxn
What is secreted in the following layers of the adrenal gland?
Zona glomerulosa -
Zona fasiculata -
Zona Reticularis -
Zona glomerulosa – secretes mineralcorticoids (aldosterone)
Zona fasiculata – secretes glucocorticoids (cortisol, corticosterone)
Zona Reticularis - secrets androgens/dehydroepiandrosterone
Identify the three layers of the adrenal gland:
Outer to inner:
GFR
Zona glomerulosa, fasciculata, reticularis
Identify the gland
Pituitary gland
Identify the gland:
Parathyroid gland
Identify the gland:
Adrenal gland
Identify the gland:
Thyroid gland
Order the pathway of sperm conduction through the genital ducts (8 steps):
Seminfiferious tubules
Tubuli recti
rete testis
efferent ductules
ductus epididymus
ductus / vas deferens
ejaculatory ducts of prostate
urethra
What cells in the testes make up the connective tissue between tubules (3)?
What hormone does this cell secrete?
Leydig cells, tubuli recti and vessels
Leydig cells secrete testosterone
Sertoli cells comprise the seminiferous tubules
What substances does it secrete (5):
What other importat role does it play?
Seminiferous tubules = supporting cells
Secretes: fructose, androgen binding protein, anti-mullerian hormone, inhibin and activin
Also serves as the blood-testis barrier
Identify the following structures:
Red = seminiferous tubule
Purple = tubuli recti
Identify the following structures:
Purple = leydig cells
Blue = sertoli cells
What are corpora amylacea?
[where are they located, what are their significance, where are they derived from?]
small hyaline masses of unknow significance within the prostate gland; derived from degeneratte cells or thickened secretions
Identify the two major structures:
Which contains the urthrea?
Which contains the MAIN anatomic structure used during erection?
Encircled area = corpus cavernosa are pari of sponge-like regions of erectile tissue, which contain most of hte blood in the penis during an erection
Corpus spongiosum = mass of spongy tissue surrounding hte male urethra within the penis
Which area [A or B] is where prostate cancer arises from?
A
What type of epithelium lines the branched tubuloalveolar glands of the prostate glands?
simple columnar epithelium
