Place Flashcards
What is a place?
The location - where it is on a map
Locale- activity that takes place
Sense of place - the personal emotional attachment to a place
What is the definition of space
An area with no meaning
What is placelessness
The idea that a particular landscape/ experience can be anywhere because it lacks uniqueness eg an airport
What is our attachment to a place influenced by
The quality/ intensity of the experience we have there
What are the factors that shape the characteristics of a place
People
Religion
Government
Food
Purpose
Population density
Wealth
Culture
Physical landscape
Connections to other places
What are endogenous factors
Internal factors that help shape a place
What are exogenous factors
External factors that help shape a place
What are endogenous examples
Land use
Location
Infrastructure
Physical geography
Demographic
Topography
What are the exogenous examples
People - commuters to work
Resources
Money
Investment
What is re-urbanisation
When an area becomes increasingly built up as more people move there
What is re-branding
Reinventing a place for economic reasons
Re- imagining
Reinventing a place for cultural reasons
Re- making
An umbrella term- brings together social, physical, economic and cultural changes a place may experience
What is the bull ring in Birmingham
Is a commercial hub and is a place of central importance for Birmingham people
Shopping mall
What is the mailbox in Birmingham
Formally the largest royal mail sorting ofice in the country- became an iconic shopping and lifestyle destination
What is Brindley place in Birmingham
used to be the height of Birmingham’s industrial past- site of factories
as manufacturing went into decline by 1970s- factories closed and area was derelict for many years
Now its a large-mixed use canal
How was the central library updated in birmingham
Brutalist (1974) vs Post modern/high tech (2013)
Financial decline meant there was lack of development in area. Then got funding to develop it
How was new street station and grand central changed
opened in 1854- new street station was crucial transport point fot birmingham
known as “grand central station”- 6th busiest station in the country- 50 million passengers entry/exit per year
What changed in Birmingham high streets
Past- wide streets to fit horse and carridge
present- greenery, updated buildings with large windows etc
What was the eastside regeneration - milenium point
green space
seating area
business and science park
What are the 3 different aspects of place
location
locale
sense of place
What is location (as an aspect of place)
where a place is on a map- latitude and longitude
What is locale (as an aspect of place)
each place is made up of a series of locales where everyday life activities take place- eg office, home, park, church etc
these locals dictate our social interactions and attitudes, valkues and behaviours in each place
What is sense of place
the subjective (personal) and emotional attachment to place
What is space
an area with no meaning
What is placelessness
Placelessness is the idea that a particular landscape/experience which could be anywhere because it lacks uniqueness eg airport
What does research show about attatchment to a place
our attachment to a place is influenced by the quality or intensity of the experience we have there
How is a sense of place formed (use the model of place attachment below) 6 marks
3 main elements leading to a persons place attachment
site of environment- whether its a built environment of natural site can lead to significance of place to a person
or could be of cultural or social significance- eg sports stadium to fans come together to celebrate team,
eg school- some people have positive view and some have negative.- depends on lived experience
Finally it depends on the individual themselves- have greater attachment to places linked to their beleif system. eg catholic church
What is an insider
people who feel like they belong in a certain place and that is their home
What is an outsider
People who dont feel like they belong in a certain place- dont feel like home
What is the
place of birth
status (citezenship)
language capability
social interactions
state of mind
for an insider
place of birth- born in that country or parents are from there
status (citezenship)- permnanent resident, hold a passport, can work, vote etc etc
language capability- fluent in local language
social interactions- understands unspoken rules of society, conforms to local norms
state of mind- safe, secure, happy- feels at home
What is the
place of birth
status (citizenship)
language capability
social interactions
state of mind
for an outsider
place of birth- not born in that country, may even be an immigrant- or their parents
status (citizenship) temp visitor. holds a foreign passport or limited visa, may not be able to work or vote etc, may be travelling for business, pleasure or safety (asylum seeker)
language capability- not fluent, does not understand local idioms (slangs(
social interactions- frequently misunderstand social interactions
state of mind- homesick, alienated- feels out of place
In California hills in August by Dana Gioia- give a quote and the points relating to insider perspective in the poem
Inside perspective- Accepting landscape as it is
“I have learned to watch thus country…. like a hawk on a bare branch in the heat of noon”
speaker is familiar with the dry barren Californian landscape and accepts it
represents insider knowledge- understand the reality of the landscape and its natural state though summer drought
In California hills in August by Dana Gioia- give a quote and the points relating to outsider perspective in the poem
outsider perspective: romanticising landscapes
“the tourist hopes to see a country.. of lean majestic beauty, clean and green”
outsiders/tourists expect California to a fit a romanticised image of lush hills, shaped by media and idealised perceptions of the American West
Reflects perceptions of place influenced by ,media representation rather than reality
In California hills in August by Dana Gioia- give a quote and the points relating to outsider perspective in the poem- (reality vs idealised image)
“the hills would be white with blossoms.. the trees would be in leaf”
outsiders expect a fertile picturesque landscape all year round
the reality is dry and drought prone- highlighting differences in place perception between locals and tourists
In California hills in August by Dana Gioia- give a quote and the points relating to insider perspective in the poem (relating to harsh reality of landscape
“it is what it is. the dried blood of the hills”
speaker views land as beautiful in its natural state- even though its harsh and barren
links to environmental determinism- the idea that landscapes are shaped by natural conditions, not human expectations
What are the four different types of place
Near places
Far places
Media places
Experienced places
How does a place become an experienced place
When we visit places they then become experienced place
When visiting a place numerous times what can it transition from being a … place to it feeling like a ….
When visiting a place numerous times what can it transition from being a FAR place to it feeling like a NEAR place
What is topophilia
love of a place
What is topophobia
hate of a place
What are endogenous factors (internal)
Internal factors that help shape the character of a place
physical geography
land use
demographics
infrastructure
economic activity
built environment
can be physical geographical features as well as human features
What are exogenous factors (external)
external factors that help shape the character of a place
Migration and people flows
money and investment
ideas and culture
resources
transport and connectivity
generally the relations that a place has with other places that affects its characteristics
Factors affecting place
Land use- (agricultural, urban, industrial
Topography (hills or mountains)
Physical geography (floodplain or river valley, geology
Infrastructure (motorways or single-track lanes, rail connections
Location (height above sea level, coastal location)
Economic characteristics (primary, secondary, tertiary or quaternary industries
Example of endogenous and exogenous factors in london
endo- river thames (physical geog) financial district (economic activity), historic landmarks (built environments
exo- migration from the EU and beyond, foreign investment, cultural influence from global cities
What is social exclusion
Exclusion from society and feeling ‘out of place’ or not belonging to a certain society - could result because of poverty or belonging to a minority group
What is spatial exclusion
certain areas being excluded from society
could be chosen or could appear as a result of lack of investment in an area by the government
What are gated communities
are enclosed housing estates where access is strictly controlled- only residents can go in and out
Are some Britons excluded from rural England
most immigrant populations arriving from england moved into areas
as a result cities are home to large black and asian populations (feel little connection to countryside) where as rural areas are home to large white populations
Why do some people feel excluded
issues such as rented accommodation or short term housing tenancies can make some people feel dislocated from certain place.
these groups may be dissatisfied with their area eg living in deprived conditions, lone parents, limited education and social opportunities as well as language barriers
they may feel like their area doesnt provide them with a good quality of life
What is place idenity
concerned with the meaning and significance of the place to the people who live there and its users
it is how people experience a place and the meanings they give to it
What is the theory by John Montgomery that shows 3 elements that contribute to a sense of place and thus will determine a part of place idenity
What are the multiple identities of Hackney Wick
1- historically- place of industry- which has remained the style of present buildings
2- full of quirky bars and shops
3- slightly seedy- some people wouldn’t feel comfortable in
What is localism
preference we have for the area we live in
What is regionalism
loyalty to the region, eg Cornwall has called for a regional govt
What is nationalism
loyalty to a nation
What is globalisation
the increasing connections between people and places, with trade, communication and transport strengthening those connections
Impact of globalisation
we can now experience more of the world than we have ever been- shorter flight times, technology
What is localisation
the emphasis on using local resources and working with local people to try to avoid the threats of globalisation
How has clone towns effected our sense of place
many shops on our high streets are chain stores, eg having McDonalds, Starbucks, burger king
What is ‘steel city’
how many people worked there
the identity of Sheffield in South Yorkshire- due to its heavy-industry past and steel making
150,000 people worked in the steelworks in the Don Valley area
How was ‘steel city’ affected by deindustrialisation
over 50,000 steel and engineering jobs were lost in early 1980s due to economic downturn and privatisation
What is sense of belonging affected by
ethnicity
religion
age
gender
socio-economic status
education
sexuality
Why do we form attachments to places
places where we spent significant time- eg first home, school
places visited occasionally -eg holiday
or negative if experience
The perception of a place can be manipulated by the government to try and attract people and investment to that place–
this can be done through
marketing
re-imaging
rebranding
regeneration
What is place memory
where a place can make the past come to life
museums- enables visators to see what life was like
plaques- placed on buildings to remind people of local heritage links
What are the aims of rebranding
revive an outdated place image-make it more positive
provide clarity on the unique features of a location
create a pride in a location
attract new investment
