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Chemistry - A Level > PL 2 > Flashcards

PL 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is DNA?

A

a polymer of nucleotides

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2
Q

What is a nucleotide formed of?

A

Phosphate + sugar + base

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3
Q

What bases can a DNA have?

A

Adenine, cytosine, guanine or thymine

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4
Q

What is a sugar-phosphate back bone?

A

The bond between the sugar and phosphate which joins two nucleotides together

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5
Q

What is the difference between RNA and DNA?

A

RNA’s sugar is ribose
RNA has the base uracil instead of thymine

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6
Q

What is the sugar in DNA?

A

Deoxyribose

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7
Q

How do nucleotides link together?

A

The phosphate-sugar backbone is formed via condensation polymerisation
The sugar and the phosphate share an O

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8
Q

How do DNA and RNA bases join to the sugar?

A

Via a condensation reaction
A bond is formed between the N on the sugar and a C on the base

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9
Q

What is the structure of DNA and how does it occur?

A

A double helix
- Two polynucleotides strands spiral together
- held together by hydrogen bonds between complimentary base pairs

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10
Q

What are the complimentary base pairs in DNA?

A

A-T
G-C

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11
Q

How does DNA code for a protein

A

Transcription
Then translation

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12
Q

What happens in transcription?

A
  • The DNA double helix unwinds into single strands
  • The DNA bases attract free RNA nucleotides with complimentary bases
  • The RNA nucleotides are joined to each other which forms a strand of mRNA
  • The DNA coils up unaltered
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13
Q

What happens in translation?

A
  • amino acids are taken to the mRNA ribosomes and joined to small lengths of RNA called transfer RNA
  • the code of the tRNA that fits in the mRNA and tRNA is called anti codon
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14
Q

What is a pharmacophore?

A

The part of a molecule that has a particular pharmaceutical or biological function

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15
Q

What are the requirements for a molecule top react?

A

They need to collide with enough energy and in the correct orientation

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16
Q

How do you carry out paper chromatography?

A
  1. Draw a pencil baseline
  2. Put a spot of the solvent on the baseline
  3. Place the stationary phase in the solvent
  4. Calculate the RF value
17
Q

What is the formula for RF value?

A

RF = distance travelled by component / distance travelled by solvent front

18
Q

What is the shape and size of a receptor site?

A

Complementary to the substrate molecule

Chemistry - A Level (21 decks)

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