PK Optimization and Apps

Question 1

Factors of PK variability

Answer 1

Disease, sex, comedication, diet/nutrition, age, genetics, formulation, environment, smoking

Question 2

Physiological changes will affect what parameters?

Answer 2

F, ka, CL, V

Question 3

Genetics example: CYP2D6 and nortriptyline

Answer 3

More functional CYP2D6 genes, smaller plasma concentration of nortriptyline

Question 4

Disease example: chlordiazepoxide and cirrhosis

Answer 4

Chlordiazepoxide’s half-life is increased and total CL is decreased with cirrhosis

Question 5

Disease example: cefepime and renal failure

Answer 5

Patients with worse renal failure had a higher concentration of cefepime and a longer half-life

Question 6

Is theophylline a high or low extraction drug

Answer 6

Low hepatic extraction drug

Question 7

Is propranolol a high or low extraction drug

Answer 7

High

Question 8

PK variability is represented with what kind of distribution?

Answer 8

Bimodal, log-Normal distribution

Question 9

Biggest source of PD variability

Answer 9

Gene(s) encoding for receptor and/or endogenous system affected by a drug

Question 10

What kind of variability does warfarin have?

Imagine that one graph that showed up in like every practice exam

Answer 10

Inter-individual PD variability

Question 11

Initiating and managing therapy

Answer 11

Individualize the dosage regimen and the target concentration is the concentration value with the greatest possibility of therapeutic success