Pituitary & Thyroid

Question 1

endocrine system

Answer 1

collection of glands of an organism that secrete hormones directly into circulatory system to be carried towards distant target organs.

Question 2

hormone

Answer 2

chemical messenger that conveys information from one cell to another. Transported by circulatory system to target distant organs.

Question 3

Steroid hormones

Answer 3

lipid soluble
able to diffuse through target cells plasma membrane and bind to receptors in nucleus of the cell (stimulate gene transcription to synthesise proteins).
E.g. glucocorticoids secreted by adrenal cortex, oestrogen, testosterone.

Question 4

non steroid hormones

Answer 4

amino acid derived hormones.
Act of cell membrane receptors, involving second messengers such as cAMP and protein kinases.
e.g. oxytocin, epinephrine

Question 5

therapeutic uses of hormones

Answer 5

replacement doses for deficiency (e.g. insulin for diabetes and oestrogens in menopause).
Pharmacological doses for theraphy (e.g. corticosteroids for inflammations, oestrogens as contraceptives)

Question 6

HPA

Answer 6

.

Question 7

tropic hormones

Answer 7

have other endocrine glands as their target. Act directly on target tissues or other endocrine glands to release hormones causing numerous cascading physiological responses.